Twilight of the UAW

Nightfall of the UAW Free Online Research Papers The previous two years have seen the greatest assaults since the establishment of the UAW in 1936. This remembered cutting wages for recently recruited employees for half, taking out organization obligation regarding retiree human services, the end of many plants, and the loss of a huge number of occupations. With the entire economy entering the most noticeably awful downturn since the 1930s, the auto organizations are presently attempting to annihilate the UAW totally. The requests being put on autoworkers will drive down association wages, advantages, and working conditions to be equivalent to or more terrible than those of non-association autoworkers. Joel Bergman. â€Å"In Defense of†¦Ã¢â‚¬  In the wake of making sure about an arrangement for $17.4 billion in government advances in December, GM and Chrysler have been in dealings with the UAW to rebuild the organizations to make them â€Å"viable.†. The proposed agreement changes would be obliterating: they would kill the typical cost for basic items alteration, limit supplemental joblessness benefits, lessen break times, and crush other key advantages. There would likewise be significant cuts in organization installments into the UAW’s retiree medicinal services finance, a key concession from the 2007 agreement. Despite the fact that Ford has not requested government advances, they are requesting similar cuts from the UAW. GM and Chrysler have just declared designs to cut several thousands a greater number of occupations and close in excess of 15 plants in the following two years. Bret Hoven. â€Å"Crisis in †¦Ã¢â‚¬  On everything, General Motors was reluctant to rescue its previous parts unit, Delphi. Thus, consequently, the Chairman and CEO Robert Steve Miller chose to petition for Chapter 11 assurance. Through chapter 11, Miller figures, he can get what he needs from the UAW and GM to bring in the cash losing organization gainful once more. Delphis disappointment implies an enormous and excruciating redesign, perhaps for all gatherings. The move by Miller, who has been engaged with liquidation filings by Bethlehem Steel, United Airlines, and vehicle parts producer Federal Mogul Corp., has grave ramifications for Delphis 24,000 UAW laborers and another 11,000 retirees. While the UAW gets punished, in a manner of speaking, outside car producers get state and nearby tax cuts to construct new plants in the U.S. Along these lines, each large car creator is extending creation in the Chinese market and trading vehicles to the U.S. Durbin, Dee-Ann. â€Å"UAW Authorizes†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The two-day strike by the UAW against GM represents unmistakably the precarious decay of the significance of associations in the United States economy. When maybe the most remarkable association in America, UAW participation among the large three auto organizations has fallen by 40 percent since the last national agreement in 2003, and by substantially more since the 1980s. This association spoke to around one fourth of a million specialists at GM as of late as 1994, however its dynamic participation there has contracted to under 75,000. Because of this most recent agreement, GM will dump its present and future medicinal services liabilities into a trust support run by the association. Evidently, GM diminished its liabilities for human services by over $15 billion. Additionally the organization disposed of any vulnerability over its future liabilities concerning medicare towards its dynamic and resigned workers. Consequently, GM focused on keeping various plants working in North America, and made a couple of different concessions, for example, cutting wages for laborers and retirees. Joel Bergman. â€Å"In Defense of†¦Ã¢â‚¬  What's more, GM offered retirement motivating forces, running from $35,000 to $140,000 to almost the entirety of its 113,000 U.S. hourly laborers. The early retirement plan would trigger the biggest retirement of association laborers from a Detroit automaker in ongoing memory and assist GM with arriving at its objective of eliminating 30,000 hourly positions. GM will make the proposals to laborers in three classifications: (1) Those with at least 30 years of administration will get a $35,000 motivation to resign with full annuity and different advantages. (2) Those with somewhere in the range of 27 and 30 years hands on will be offered credits to overcome any barrier to retirement, yet no exceptional payout. (3) Those with lower status will be offered more than $100,000 in a singular amount installment to leave the organization with just the annuity benefits they have collected. The WorkPlace. â€Å"Twilight of†¦Ã¢â‚¬  As a general rule, these occasions are not autonomous market powers of worldwide rivalry which simply happen to have awful outcomes for certain specialists. Nor is it an issue of outside laborers picking up what U.S laborers are losing in remote markets. Be that as it may, we can hope to see the Chinese vehicles coming one year from now at an expense of 40% not exactly similar American vehicles. Richard Freeman, a Harvard University financial aspects teacher expressed that he didn't know whether the UAW can clutch its wages and advantages despite this ‘foreign wave’ of new imports. The WorkPlace. â€Å"Twilight of†¦Ã¢â‚¬  In this manner, it is completely important for autoworkers to battle against these assaults. The Big Three, with the assistance of Congress, are endeavoring to make autoworkers pay for an emergency they didn't make and have no influence over. They have been attempting to keep up productivity for quite a while, during which the car business has sold more than 17 million vehicles every year in the U.S. Presently, with rising joblessness, decreasing wages, and more tight limitations on credits, it is improbable in excess of 10 million new vehicles will be sold in 2009. Joel Bergman. â€Å"In Defense of†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The arrangement starting at now is that base wages for UAW laborers will continue as before, yet as far as possible supplemental compensation that laid-off specialists get while they gather joblessness benefits. The confirmed arrangement additionally closes the disputable â€Å"Job Banks† program that ‘let laborers gather the vast majority of their compensation from the organization when laid-off.’ Other arrangements that would wipe out future issues would incorporate cutting wages and advantages, overseeing human services issues, decreasing creation expenses and material expense through converging with remote automobile producers, utilizing low serious provider sources and utilizing scales. Sharon Silke. â€Å"UAW suspends†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Things being what they are, how did the UAW get into this situation in any case? Car makers, compelled to expand creation to look after benefits, couldn't all the while make a market that could stay aware of today’s creation levels. During this period, compensation have fallen while makers have altogether overproduced vehicles, trucks, SUVs and minivans that nobody could purchase. Individuals had to take out low-intrigue contracts, second home loans, additional charge cards and vehicle credits so as to keep up a similar way of life they delighted in before. Joel Bergman. â€Å"In Defense of†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Individuals couldn't take care of their obligations as banks abandoned their home loans, constraining them to fail and even live in the city. The entirety of this could have been maintained a strategic distance from if the UAW had not warded off concessions that would have helped the U.S carmakers battle off imports in the 80’s and 90’s. Like the steel and aircraft industry, presently the UAW is addressing the cost. The WorkPlace. â€Å"Twilight of†¦Ã¢â‚¬  We should bolster associations since they are liable for pretty much every development made by working individuals. Ascends in the way of life dont simply occur without anyone else. The 8-hour day, the 40 hour week, joblessness protection, incapacity protection, and OSHA laws are all from the association development. Carolyn Fninski. â€Å"Peace-Train†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Concerning our economy and society, not having the UAW right presently would horrifically affect society. The most beneficial car fabricating plants would presumably be closing down. At that point, if U.S auto industrial facilities were to close down, entire networks would be obliterated, families destroyed and a huge number of individuals would be constrained into neediness. This would be a human hit to the UAW and the worker's guild development in the U.S. The UAW has consistently made wildly faithful responsibilities to improve the lives of their laborers. In addition to other things they were the first to improve professional stability, cause accessible exhaustive preparing and instruction to staff, to give boss paid medical coverage plans for mechanical laborers, and take a political position for workers. The UAW has consistently aligned with the Democratic Party, battling for the American specialist and not for truckloads of money organizations. They’ve attempted numerous monetary and social issues and, fortunately for the American association laborers, they have regularly won. (Michael Goldfield 199) On account of their difficult work, the UAW has furnished representatives with rights and advantages that non-unionized specialists would never dream of. UAW individuals reserve the privilege to look for equity through the National Labor Relations Board. They are shielded from uncalled for work rehearses. Indeed, even in a period of emergency like today, businesses don’t need to restrict efficiency. All things considered, their laborers are guaranteed employments consistently. Regardless of whether non-association laborers profit by the above conditions or not, the UAW and it’s association partners and non-association partners, advantage gigantically. That is the reason the UAW and the Big 3 (GM, Chrysler, and Ford) are as yet the main impetuses of our economy today. Bergman, Joel. â€Å"In Defense of Marxism.† 16 Jan 2009. The Financial and the Auto Sector. 18 Mar 2009 Durbin, Dee-Ann. â€Å"UAW Authorizes Strike Against Delphi.† 17 May 2006. Washington Post. 19 Mar 2009. Fninski , Carolyn. â€Å"Peace-Train: Support Unions.† 4 Sept 2008. For The Colorado Daily. 19 Mar 2009. Goldfield, Michael, The Color of Politics, New York, New Press, 1997. Hoven, Bret. â€Å"Crisis in the Auto Industry-Nationalize and Re-Tool to Save Jobs!† 11 Mar 2009. UAW Local 879. 15 Mar 2009 Silke, Sharon. â€Å"UAW suspends occupations bank, postpones retiree finance payments.† 14 Dec 2008. USA Today. 15 Mar 2009 The

Role of Women in the Paleolithic and Modern Period free essay sample

Job of Women in the Paleolithic and Modern Period * Women of the Paleolithic and Modern time frames both have good examples that have various implications, for example, their job in the public arena and their self-perception; anyway the manner in which the guys have treated these ladies indicated little regard. During the Paleolithic time frame a model was cut from utilizing straightforward cutting apparatuses to make a perfect work of art that is referred to today as the Venus of Willendorf. The Venus of Willendorf has proposed to archeologists that the figure was to have been a picture of fruitfulness, which is the means by which their reality made due for such a significant number of years. Taking a gander at the figure additionally demonstrates that the Paleolithic ladies were more on the fat side. The inquiry is however, what precisely was the Paleolithic woman’s place in this culture and how can it contrast with the advanced imagery of Barbie? * The Barbie doll commended its 40th birthday celebration in 1999, yet what has this toy never really culture of the little youngsters who play with her in today’s society? In the course of recent years the general public has seen the good and bad times from the impacts of Barbie. We will compose a custom exposition test on Job of Women in the Paleolithic and Modern Period or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Barbie has given our kids positive inspiration to become something better throughout everyday life. She has additionally demonstrated us the negative effect on our children’s lives also, from slimming down issues to confidence. Today, ladies can be viewed as somebody who ought to be worshiped or in a customer facing facade window, yet what does this do to the ladies of the general public? It has been said that Venus of Willendorf was recommended to give fruitfulness and indication of being a Goddess, however what precisely does Barbie propose demonstrating the youngsters who play with her? The specialists have assembled what they think the job the Paleolithic ladies held, as indicated by Venus of Willendorf. As per Rice (1981), the Paleolithic ladies â€Å"were thought of basically as moms or infant makers† (p. 402). The figure demonstrated the archeologists from numerous points of view exactly how the Paleolithic ladies had a spot in the public eye. The archeologists had the option to find hints of red ocher color on the model, which means menstrual blood or proxy (Seshardri, 2012). The bosoms and adjusted stomach, recommended the conviction of support and that the ladies remained pregnant. There is a ton of detail of the vulva, demonstrating this was the fundamental focal point of the ladies. These highlights can without much of a stretch be depicted as ladies that are childbearing. It has been recommended that ladies played a significant and rule job in the Paleolithic time, more so than ladies of today (Rice, 1981). The quantity of puppets of ladies that were found in the archeological burrows dwarfed the measure of men dolls, which prompted hypotheses about the part that the ladies played to society. The Paleolithic ladies have likewise been known as Earth Mother or Mother Goddess and the Stone-Age individuals have put stock in her as a general symbol. In current society there are likewise symbols as dolls, similarly as there was in the Paleolithic culture. Barbie is one of the icons in today’s society that numerous ladies have turned upward to. The body state of Barbie has not recommended that she is a childbearing figure, yet it has proposed she isn't languid. In the advanced society ladies are youngster bearing, however ladies needed to run family units, bring up kids, and needed to proceed to land positions of their own. Circumstances are different since the Paleolithic time and ladies have must be engaged. Barbie has filled in as a good example to a great deal of ladies of the occasions, as she has assumed a wide range of jobs in the previous 40 or more years. Barbie has been a specialist, a vet, an educator, a space explorer, and even a pop star. These various jobs are what have roused ladies; on the off chance that you can envision it, at that point you can become it. In, 1992 President Barbie was made which drove the path for the women's activist that shape the future political pioneers (Zaslow amp;Schoenberg, 2012). The United States had the primary female pursue position in 2008, just 16 years after President Barbie was acquainted with the young ladies of America. This is just the start of what the ladies of today’s society will do as a political pioneer. Venus of Willendorf was a good example for the ideal female structure for her weight; anyway today ladies have strived to have the â€Å"Barbie† look. â€Å"In the, Stone Age fat was excellent in light of the fact that it implied essentialness and fertility† (Paige, 2004, p. 4). There were a wide range of body states of lady from the Paleolithic time frame, however there is one in particular that truly stuck out and filled in as a good example for their town. Venus of Willendorf is etched in a manner that obviously gives her stoutness and why she is the good example for the Paleolithic time frame. She was etched with a huge stomach that overhangs a fat roll that stretches out around the center, a level butt and enormous thighs that are squeezed together on her knees. This is perhaps the soonest indication of corpulence in ladies they despite everything battle with this in the cutting edge society. In today’s society everybody has envisioned to have that ideal body. Numerous specialists have recommended that Barbie is a main driver for some issues with ladies today with regards to their weight and confidence. At the point when exercise Barbie was presented she accompanied a scale and the scale read 110 pounds. Ladies see this weight has something they need to acquire, a great part of the body elixirs are out of reach and ladies drive themselves to attempt to accomplish these. Ladies have even experienced medical procedure to get the â€Å"Barbie† look. The confidence can influenced also and ladies have negative considerations on their body. With â€Å"both brought down body regarded and needing a more slender body are pointers of body dissatisfaction† (Dittmar, Halliwell, amp; Ive, 2006, p. 290) could prompt dietary problems. The Venus of Willendorf and Barbie have both assumed various jobs in their periods, however there is one thing that they represented that is the equivalent. The Paleolithic ladies recommended to have been out of sight in their general public. The specialists state this due to what the Venus of Willendorf has indicated them. The figure gave indications that the ladies were meek on account of the wilted arms that were attracted to the side. Since there was a conceal face over the leader of the figure, this indicated the ladies couldn't represent themselves and had no way of life as an individual (Paige, 2004). The ladies were viewed as an unknown sexual item as opposed to an individual; it is her body and what it spoke to that was essential to the men. Ladies of the cutting edge time frame have confronted some indistinguishable difficulties from those of the Paleolithic time frame. Allowed ladies have made some amazing progress since the Paleolithic time frame, however it is as yet a man’s world. Barbie has indicated ladies that you generally ought to have on make-up and put your best self forward. Ladies have had this penetrated in their minds at a youthful age and keep on ensuring that they put their best self forward through their grown-up age. Since Barbie is so meager and the ladies do this too, ladies feel as if they are viewed as sexual articles. Ladies of the advanced period feel as if they despite everything have something to demonstrate in spite of how far they have come since the Paleolithic time frame. Is there actually a distinction in the ladies of the Paleolithic and Modern time frames? The ladies of the Paleolithic time frame knew what their identity was and they place in the public arena. They were the childbearing and the sexual item for the men, also called the Goddess of their time. The ladies of the advanced period are as yet attempting to get themselves. They have an icon that accompanies a wide range of outfits and vocations, that are undesirable, and a sexual item. Ladies today are part and experience difficulty discoveries themselves. One thing that can be said that can be gained from the Paleolithic ladies is that, excellence is entirely subjective. Having the ideal body isn't so great, it is tied in with accepting and being consistent with yourself.

Two Precedents essays

Two Precedents articles George Washington had achieved numerous things in his administration which further bettered the United States. Two points of reference that Washington set up for the administration and official branch all through his terms were that he built up a bureau and made another capital for the nation. George Washingtons first take was to set up a bureau. The bureau is a gathering of men composed by the President to help him in a wide range of things that he needs to manage. He picked Alexander Hamilton secretary of treasury and Thomas Jefferson secretary of state. He made offices inside the administration, each with various employments. The congress sorted out four sub-gatherings: the secretary of the express, the secretary of treasury, the secretary of war, and the lawyer general. Washington picked Jefferson to make an arrangement of looking for exchange with European countries. Alexander Hamilton turned into the secretary of treasury; he thought of significant thoughts like: a financed national obligation and the creation of the Bank of the United States. Henry Knox was designated the secretary of war, and Edmund Randolph was the lawyer general. It had its first gathering in 1789. Washington rearranged his bureau in 1795, and Tennessee turned into a state in 1796. Presently the mains of fourteen official offices structure the bureau. Washington chose to make a capital for the United States of America. Washington, D.C. was an arranged city from the beginning. It was the main city in the United States to be arranged before it was manufactured. The Constitution of the United States enabled Congress to oversee Washington. For a great deal of the city's history, its pioneers were named by the president. In 1973, Congress conceded the city the option to choose their neighborhood authorities. D.C. was separated into locale to control the employments of the property which is called zoning. Washington, D.C. didn't turn into the United States capital until 1800. Congress moved its gathering... <!

Self-Service Technologies Essay Online For Free - Free Essay Example

Introduction In the modern world, self-service technologies (SST) have been implemented in the service industry. There are various types of SST services such as telephone-based technologies, online banking, internet-based interfaces etc. (Yen, 2005). Despite this huge rise in SST, it cannot be simply assumed that SSTs are always better than traditional services. As any other service, SST comes with its failures and disappointments (Shamdasani et al, 2008, Dimitriadis Kyrezis, 2011, Dabholkar Spaid, 2012). Service failures may occur in all services, as well as SST. It is known that service failure recoveries (SFR) are extremely important for organisations in order to retain existing customers and to keep up good image of the business. SFR systems are also a vital part of SSTs (Buell et al, 2010; Oghazi et al, 2012; Beatson et al, 2006; Yen, 2005; Beatson et al, 2007). This paper examines SFR within SST context and how it related to overall customers satisfaction in any business. It is important to understand the issues that are raised about SST and get managers of organisations who provide SST to help customers by providing various failure recoveries. The Role of Customer Complaints in SST One of the topics that have been focused on by multiple researchers is the role of customer complaints in SFR while using SST. Meuter et al (2000), Girman et al (2009), Robertson et al (2011), and Roberson Shaw (2009) explore the relationship between customer complaints in SFR while using SST. The four studies examine the relationships that influence customers likelihood of voice in SST context. The authors look at the following issue within different industries who use SST. Meuter et al (2000), Robertson et al (2011), and Roberson Shaw (2009) do empirical studies in order to obtain their data and analysis while Girman et al (2009) only rely on other researchers data to obtain their conclusion. All of the researchers hypothesise that there is a positive relationship between having customer complaints while undergoing service failures in SST and customers perceptions of SST. The findings of Meuter et al (2000), Girman et al (2009), Robertson et al (2011), and Roberson Shaw (2009) show that there is a significant relationship between customer complaints while experiencing a service failure in using STT and customers satisfaction with the following SST. Robertson Shaw (2009) and Meuter at al (2000) also found that ease of voice mediates the relationship between customers perceptions of likelihood of voice success and their likelihood of voice behaviour. Meuter et al (2000), Girman et al (2009), Robertson et al (2011), and Roberson Shaw (2009) found that having customers complain during a service failure while using SST can contribute to better SFR and therefore increase customers satisfaction with SST and organisation as a whole. The Role of Customers Emotions in SST A second issue that was found in the articles studied is the role of customers emotions in experiencing service failures while using SST. Gelbrich (2009), Dabholkar Bagozzi (2002), Yen (2005), and Johnson et al (2008) examine the relationship between customers emotions in service failures while using SST and customers overall satisfaction with SST. Their research aims to distinguish the importance of customers behaviours and their emotions while experiencing service failures in STT. While Johnson et al (2008) and Yen (2005) hypothesise that there is a general relationship between the customers emotions in SF while using STT, Gelbrich (2009) hypothesises that anger and helplessness are negatively related to overall customer satisfaction. Furthermore, Dabholkar Bagozzi (2002) hypothesise that its the anxiety and stress in using SST that are negatively related to overall customer satisfaction. All four academic articles are empirical studies that look at the following issue withi n SST in general, not focusing on specific industries or specific types of SST. Gelbrich (2009), Dabholkar Bagozzi (2002), Yen (2005), and Johnsons et al (2008) findings reveal that there is a significant relationship between customers emotions in service failures while using SST and overall customer satisfaction. It was found that emotions impact on customer reactions occurred directly and indirectly through overall customer satisfaction. The conceptual frameworks used in all four studies can be applied to future research on any service experience. Analysis of The Role of Customer Complaints in SST An issue that may be raised is the role of customer complaints in SST. Meuter et al (2000), Girman et al (2009), Robertson et al (2011), and Roberson Shaw (2009) explore the relationship between customer complaints in SFR while using STT and satisfaction with using SST. The findings of all four studies reveal that there is a significant relationship between customer complaints while experiencing a service failure in using STT and customers satisfaction with the following SST. It is argued that the role of customer complaints plays a vital role in SFR in SST, and therefore contributes to the overall customers satisfaction. Authors argue that if customers do not make a complaint or if a timely response to these complaints are impossible the certain faults do not get fixed and therefore may lead to further failures. However, it also needs to be understood that SST providers should not count on failure reports by users and be proactive because it is better to correct faults before they lead to failure (Girman et al, 2009, p. 47). It is also suggested by various researchers (e.g., Girman et al, 2009; Robertson et al, 2011; Roberson Shaw, 2009) minor failures can end up discouraging first time users that look for perfect performance and are not familiar with SST and as for returning users, if these minor failures are repeated for some time it may demolish their trust in SST or even in the organisation who provides the following services. On the down side, there are certain limitations to the following studies. The focus solely on customer complaints within this field can be argued to be the main one. Even though it is important to look at this issue, other researchers argue that there are far more important attributes that should be concentrated on. For example, Elliot et al (2013) argue that readiness for use of technology is a very important factor that should be looked at. They focus on customers technology readiness and argue that it also has a direct a nd positive influence on customers overall satisfaction and is an important factor that should be examined while looking at SFR in SST. It can be implied that role of customer complaints in SST is an important factor, however other issues should also be examined, but not necessary taken in count for. All four studies draw a relationship and show the importance of customer complaints in SST when undergoing a service failure and Meuter et al (2000), Robertson et al (2011), and Roberson Shaw (2009) studies have sufficient amount of empirical evidence to prove the following issue. Therefore, it can be argued that it is an important issue and it should be looked upon when constructing a research within the field of service failures in SST. It is also an issue that should be addressed by managers of organisations who provide SST in order to make sure their customers are satisfied and prevent them from stopping to use SST and leaving to their competitors. Analysis of The Role of Customers Emotions in SST Gelbrich (2009), Dabholkar Bagozzi (2002), Yen (2005), and Johnson et al (2008) examine the relationship between customers emotions in service failures while using SST and customers overall satisfaction with SST. They found that there is significant positive relationship between customers emotions in service failures while using SST and overall customer satisfaction. Gelbrich (2009), Yen (2005), and Johnson et al (2008) argue that customers emotions have a very strong link with SFR in SST and also with their overall perceived satisfaction. Gelbrich (2009) focuses on customers emotions such as anger and helplessness and suggests that they are negatively related to overall customer satisfaction, while Dabholkar Bagozzi (2002) concentrated on emotions such as anxiety and stress in using SST and argues that they are negatively related to overall customer satisfaction as well. Yen (2005) and Johnson et al (2008) however, do not focus on any emotions in specific, on the other hand, they focus on situational factors and suggest that they affect customers emotions and emotions in turn effect their overall satisfaction with SFR and SST. The main limitation of these studies is that those results only account for behavioural instincts and patterns that customers have, yet they do not account for emotions of the employees who might deal with SST recoveries and therefore it does not take in count how that may affect the overall customer satisfaction. Another limitation is the focus on the certain issue. As mentioned above, other researchers argue that its the other issues that should be looked upon, such as complaints, perceived control and fun (eg. Oghazi et al, 2012 ; Dimitriadis Kyrezis, 2011; Zhu et al, 2007; Robertson et al, 2011; Elliot et al, 2013). Also, Anitsal Paige (2006) argue that customers in general are happy to use SST, and prefer to encounter service failures in SST than normal services with employees because they feel more in control and the y think they are less likely to cause mistakes than employees. Therefore, they argue that customers emotions as well as the other two issues are irrelevant in this filed. Overall, in the light of these limitations it can be understood that the role of customers emotions is very important factor and should be examined by researchers and managers of organisations that provide SST services, however, it is not the only issue that should be addressed. This issue may be addressed by identifying the various emotions customers have and combining them with various situational factors to examine more in depth what actually needs to be changed and used as a guide to how managers precede with recoveries in different situations according to how customers react. Conclusion Service recovery is an important factor when it comes to SST, in order to keep customers satisfied and prevent them from leaving to competitors or stopping them from using SST in general. This paper suggests that there are two critical factors that play a vital role and have a great impact on SFR in SST and customers perceived satisfaction: the role of customer complaints in SST and the role of customers emotion in SST. SFR in SST is vital and the mentioned above two key components should be looked upon and examined by managers of organisations that provide SST as well as organisations that are planning to introduce SST. This paper suggests that those key issues should be examined in order to keep customers satisfied and loyal to organisations, making SST act as a proper asset to the organisations and trying to gain as much advantage from it as possible. Although, it is argued that there are more factors that should be examined that may also influence SFR in SST and customers overall perceived satisfaction. Many of those factors are not discussed and investigated in this paper. However, ideally those factors should also be addressed and looked upon when contrasting a further research within this context. Furthermore, this paper has a number of limitations. There was a word restriction set and due to the voluminous research made on this topic unfortunately only a few issues could be drawn from all the literature. Furthermore, the literature that has been examined and compared had their research carried out in different fields of SST and in different countries. Therefore, it can be concluded that it is hard to generalise the findings for all industries and also for a specific industry. This is because not every single one was examined. This leaves the comparison of the key issues and applicability of findings open for discussion. Due to the following limitations mentioned, it needs to be understood that the conclusions drawn from studied papers shou ld be interpreted in the light of these limitations. It can be identified as a guideline or as issues that should be examined by managers of businesses that provide SST services and organisations that are planning on introducing SSTs. In conclusion, looking at the research with the limitations that have been drawn, it can be said that SFR plays a vital role in SST and it is important to have in order to keep customers satisfied. References Core Papers Anitsal, I. and Paige, R. C. 2006. An exploratory study on consumer perceptions of service quality in technology-based self-service. Services Marketing Quarterly, 27 (3), pp. 5367. Beatson, A., Coote, L. V. and Rudd, J. M. 2006. Determining consumer satisfaction and commitment through self-service technology and personal service usage. Journal of Marketing Management, 22 (7-8), pp. 853882. Beatson, A., Lee, N. and Coote, L. V. 2007. Self-service technology and the service encounter. The Service Industries Journal, 27 (1), pp. 7589. Buell, R. W., Campbell, D. and Frei, F. X. 2010. Are Self-Service Customers Satisfied or Stuck?. Production and Operations Management, 19 (6), pp. 679697. Dabholkar, P. A. and Bagozzi, R. P. 2002. An attitudinal model of technology-based self-service: moderating effects of consumer traits and situational factors. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 30 (3), pp. 184201. Dabholkar, P. A. and Spaid, B. I. 2012. Service failure and rec overy in using technology-based self-service: effects on user attributions and satisfaction. The Service Industries Journal, 32 (9), pp. 14151432. Dimitriadis, S. and Kyrezis, N. 2011. The effect of trust, channel technology, and transaction type on the adoption of self-service bank channels. The Service Industries Journal, 31 (8), pp. 12931310. Elliott, K. M., Hall, M. C. and Meng, J. G. 2013. Consumers intention to use self-scanning technology: the role of technology readiness and perceptions toward self-service technology. Academy of Marketing Studies Journal, 17 (1). Gelbrich, K. 2009. Beyond just being dissatisfied: how angry and helpless customers react to failures when using self-service technologies. Schmalenbach Business Review (SBR), 61 (1). Girman, M., Keusch, P., Kmec, P. 2009. Faults, failures and availability in self-service technology. Management Services, 53(4), pp.44-47. Johnson, D. S., Bardhi, F. and Dunn, D. T. 2008. Understanding how technology pa radoxes affect customer satisfaction with self-service technology: The role of performance ambiguity and trust in technology. Psychology Marketing, 25 (5), pp. 416443. Meuter, M. L., Ostrom, A. L., Roundtree, R. I. and Bitner, M. J. 2000. Self-service technologies: understanding customer satisfaction with technology-based service encounters. Journal of marketing, 64 (3), pp. 5064. Oghazi, P., Mostaghel, R., Hultman, M. and Parida, V. 2012. Antecedents of technology-based self-service acceptance: a proposed model. Services Marketing Quarterly, 33 (3), pp. 195210. Robertson, N. and Shaw, R. N. 2009. Predicting the likelihood of voiced complaints in the self-service technology context. Journal of Service Research, 12 (1), pp. 100116. Robertson, N., Mcquilken, L., K and Ampully, J. 2012. Consumer complaints and recovery through guaranteeing self-service technology. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 11 (1), pp. 2130. Shamdasani, P., Mukherjee, A. and Malhotra, N. 2008. Antec edents and consequences of service quality in consumer evaluation of self-service internet technologies. The Service Industries Journal, 28 (1), pp. 117138. Yen, H. R. 2005. An attribute-based model of quality satisfaction for internet self-service technology. The Service Industries Journal, 25 (5), pp. 641659. Zhu, Z., Nakata, C., Sivakumar, K. and Grewal, D. 2007. Self-service technology effectiveness: the role of design features and individual traits. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 35 (4), pp. 492506. Additional Sources Anselmsson, J. 2001. Customer-perceived service quality and technology-based self service (Doctoral dissertation). Lund University, Lund, Sweden. Bateson, J. E. G. 1985. Self-service consumer: An exploratory study. Journal of Retailing, 61(3), pp.49-76. Dabholkar, P. A. 1996. Consumer evaluations of new technology-based self-service options: An investigation of alternative models of service quality. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 13(1), pp. 29-51. Davis, F. D., Bagozzi, R. P., Warshaw, P. R. (1989). User acceptance of computer technology: A comparison of two theoretical models. Management Science, 35, pp.982-1002.

Analysis of Robert Frost On A Tree Fallen Across the Road...

On a Tree Fallen across the Road In Robert Frost’s English sonnet, â€Å"On a Tree Fallen across the Road†, Frost uses imagery, alliteration, metaphors, personification, and symbols to portray his theme. Frost uses all of these literate devices to bring out his point in the poem; overcoming obstacles. He believes that we will always face struggles in life and come across unexpected surprises that may or may not be good. This does not mean that this will stop us in our tracks, but will help shape us into better human beings by giving us choices. He also believes that as humans we have hidden in us the motivation to strive to get what we want in life and where we want to be by making these difficult decisions. The way Frost portrays this main†¦show more content†¦Frosts uses the metaphor of Mother Nature, ‘she’, trying to halt our driving by putting a tree in the road, but in deeper meaning Frost is saying that there are many challenges out there tha t just show up in front of us and the only thing we can do is survive it. He also uses personification with that same line by introducing ‘she’, Mother Nature, will make things happen, but Mother Nature is not a real person and cannot do something like that. This adds to the sonnet by helping people connect and imagine a big snow storm that can temporarily stop someone in their tracks before it melts or someone clears the snow. Frost then goes back to the image of the tree â€Å"Debating what to do without an ax.†; the ax symbolizes a device that is not readily at your service. Whenever you come across a fallen tree there is no guarantee that you will have an ax with you, so you must improvise and decide how you will move past this tree. This is parallel to the idea of not having the best option presented in front of you when you are forced to make a choice, but if you dig deeper then you may find the best option that will work for you, just like finding a new pa th around the tree. During the last stanza Frost goes back to ‘she’, Mother Nature, â€Å"knowing obstruction† that the attempt is fruitless to stop the will of the people’s journey. This is where he backs up his whole idea of notShow MoreRelatedThe Poetry Of Robert Frost3137 Words   |  13 Pagesexamine the poetry of Robert Frost for references to themes of nature, religion, and humanity and how they relate to each other. This exercise will be prefaced with a brief introduction to the man and his life as a segue to better understanding Frost’s verse. The unexpected but unavoidable aim of this composition will be to realize that Frost’s body of work is almost too sophisticated to comprehend, his manipulation of language so elusive that each reader may believe Frost is speaking only to themRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 PagesProfessor, Northumbria University AMSTERDAM †¢ BOSTON †¢ HEIDELBERG †¢ LONDON †¢ NEW YORK †¢ OXFORD PARIS †¢ SAN DIEGO †¢ SAN FRANCISCO †¢ SINGAPORE †¢ SYDNEY †¢ TOKYO Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP 200 Wheeler Road, Burlington, MA 01803 First published 1992 Second edition 1997 Reprinted 1998, 1999, 2001, 2003 Third edition 2005 Copyright  © 1992, 1997, 2005, Richard M.S. Wilson and Colin Gilligan. All rights reserved The right of Richard M.S. Wilson and ColinRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesto Be a Good Team Player 324 Beware! Teams Aren’t Always the Answer 324 Summary and Implications for Managers 325 S A L S A L Self-Assessment Library How Good Am I at Building and Leading a Team? 308 glOBalization! Group Cohesiveness across Cultures 314 An Ethical Choice Using Global Virtual Teams as an Environmental Choice 315 Myth or Science? â€Å"Teams Work Best Under Angry Leaders† 320 Self-Assessment Library What Is My Team Efficacy? 322 Point/Counterpoint We Can Learn Much About WorkRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagestheory focuses attention on the human issues in organization ‘There is nothing so practical as a good theory’ How Roethlisberger developed a ‘practical’ organization theory Column 1: The core contributing social sciences Column 2: The techniques for analysis Column 3: The neo-modernist perspective Column 4: Contributions to business and management Four combinations of science, scientific technique and the neo-modernist approach reach different parts of the organization Level 1: Developing the organizationRead MoreDeveloping Manag ement Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesLine 58 Understanding and Appreciating Individual Differences Important Areas of Self-Awareness 61 Emotional Intelligence 62 Values 65 Ethical Decision Making and Values 72 Cognitive Style 74 Attitudes Toward Change 76 Core Self-Evaluation 79 SKILL ANALYSIS 84 Cases Involving Self-Awareness 84 Communist Prison Camp 84 Computerized Exam 85 Decision Dilemmas 86 SKILL PRACTICE 89 Exercises for Improving Self-Awareness Through Self-Disclosure 89 Through the Looking Glass 89 Diagnosing Managerial Characteristics

Catcher in the Rye - Phony Essay - 945 Words

Catcher in the Rye Ââ€" Essay The theme of phoniness, illustrated by J.D. Salinger is the key of a better understanding the story line as a whole. Phony or fake more often than not means not real and is mostly referred to some religions by non believers or sometimes even to people. J.D. Salinger has used the term phony in a very common manor. By the interpretation of common manor, many of the people at that time period suited to the style of Holden Caulfields dialogues through J.D. Salinger. Salingers view of phoniness may or may not even share a bond with most of the readers experiences, because this theme is confronted in at least some kind of form or action in the life of all people on a daily bases. The way Salinger has set†¦show more content†¦So these memories have clustered in his mind. Now, Holden wants to even try and erase his mind of the thoughts of the people he cannot trust. To Holden, especially, to trust someone means to understand someone. The only people Holden can, or used to tr ust are Allie, Phoebe and his brother D.B. So the way J.D. Salinger has illustrated his book of how Holden thinks is that Holden rejects everyone who is phony or fake. So the definition of phony, to Holden is some one that he distrusts. Holden thinks Mr. Antolini is a phony because he just cannot seem to understand him. Also he thinks that the Show-off piano player was phony because he cant understand what exactly he was playing so Holden cannot trust him, therefore the piano player is a phony. The memories that have clustered in his mind were all of the sins such as, sex, money and violence. All that Holden can understand of the, World thus far are only these three things. He even says towards the end of the novel You cant ever find a place thats nice and peaceful, because there isnt any. You may think there is, but once you get there, when youre not looking, somebodyll sneak up and write F**k you right under your nose (204). The reason why he thinks in such a way is because he doesnt want Phoebe or even anyone who is innocent to be exposed to this type of crudeness. Salinger is actually very brilliant enough to stay away from the people he cannot trust and understand. This is very safe toShow MoreRelatedExamples Of Phony In Catcher In The Rye1281 Words   |  6 Pagesas society wants to deny it, Holden was right; everyone is a phony in one way or another. Throughout The Catcher in the Rye Holden uses the word phony to describe the society around him and as a mechanism for his own isolation, but he fails to realize that he is the biggest phony of them all. Holden clearly perceives the insincerity of everyone around him and is nauseated by it; but despite his revulsion he still ends up being a phony himself. He reveals to the reader that even if someone does notRead MoreThe Catcher In the Rye: Genuine or Phony? Essay871 Words   |  4 Pages J.D. Salinger published Catcher in The Rye in 1951. The main protagonist in the novel, Holden Ca ulfield experiences many conflicts and predicaments. It is common for Holden to hold opinions on characters throughout the book. His opinionated nature shows that human interactions mean a lot to him. Holden generally likes genuine people opposed to phony people. The comparison of genuine and phony is shown throughout the novel, especially when Holden meets new people. His true personalityRead More The Phony Theme of The Catcher In The Rye Essay example1353 Words   |  6 PagesThe Phony Theme of The Catcher In The Rye by J.D. Salinger      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In life there comes a time when everyone thinks that they are surrounded by phoniness. This often happens during the teen years when the person is trying to find a sense of direction. Holden Caulfield, a 16-year-old teen-ager is trying to find his sense of direction in J.D. Salingers, The Catcher In The Rye. Holden has recently been expelled from Pency Prep for failing four out of his five classes. He decides to startRead MoreThe Catcher in the Rye: Holden Caulfields Phony Phobia Essay1825 Words   |  8 Pagestheir extraordinary sense of plays. Postmodern literature comments upon itself and uses images from the past fearlessly. Fiction writers of this period allow for multiple meanings and multiple worlds in their works. This can be seen in The Catcher in the Rye, by J.D. Salinger. Jerome David Salinger was the son of a Jewish father, Sol Salinger, and a Christian mother, Miriam Jillich Salinger. He was born on January 1, 1919 in New York City, and died on January 27, 2010 in Cornish, New HampshireRead MoreTheme Of The Catcher In The Rye976 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout the novel The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger there are several different themes portrayed that widely relate to current issues of teenagers and adults alike. While reading the novel several different themes were revealed creating a deep and meaningful story line. Three themes viewed within the novel are; the phoniness of the adult world, alienation as a form of self-protection, and the painfulness of growing up. Each of these themes have large significance in character and plot developmentRead More salinger Essay843 Words   |  4 Pagescontroversial in the Catcher in the Rye. Salinger is also known for many of his writings such as Franney and Zooey, Nine Stories, and Raise High the R oof Beam, Carpenters. The summer of 1930 he was voted â€Å"The Most Popular Writer†. â€Å"Salinger is a beautifully deft, professional who gives us a chance to catch quick, half-amused, half-frightened glimpses of ourselves and our contemporaries, as he confronts us with his brilliant mirror images† (Lomazoff 1). In the novel, Catcher in the Rye, there is a relationshipRead MoreAlienation and Isolation in The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger700 Words   |  3 PagesTouch with Society In The Catcher in the Rye, J.D. Salinger discusses the ideas of alienation and isolation. He notes that if one is unable to keep up with society they lose touch. Salinger portrays alienation and isolation through literary devices such as symbolism. Some of the symbolic features use in the novel is Holden’s red hunting hat which shows Holden’s uncommon desire compared to society’s desires. Another significant symbolic feature is the catcher in the rye; this represents Holden’s ideaRead More 1950s Culture Exposed in The Catcher in the Rye Essay1361 Words   |  6 Pages1950s Culture Exposed in The Catcher in the Rye    J.D. Salingers The Catcher in the Rye is a remarkable book that gives readers a unique and perhaps gloomy perspective of the 1950s through Holden Caulfield, a cynical and peculiar teenager. Through The Catcher in the Rye Salinger describes important aspects of the 1950s. Salinger emphasizes several key characteristics of the 50s and criticizes them through Holden. In addition, Holden Caulfield is a very interesting character withRead MoreAnalysis Of Characters And Themes Of The Catcher Rye 1537 Words   |  7 Pages Analysis of Characters and Themes in The Catcher in the Rye J.D. Salinger was born in 1919 to a wealthy Manhattan family. He grew up in the same social conditions as Holden Caulfield does in The Catcher in the Rye. The last thing Salinger cared about was being a successful student because he was very lazy, without care for his responsibilities and tasks. Salinger flunked out of many prep schools, and his parents sent him to a military academy named Valley Forge in Pennsylvania, where he graduatedRead MoreEssay on The Death of Innocence in The Catcher in the Rye1156 Words   |  5 Pagesdespises traits of the adult and child realms. In the novel The Catcher in the Rye, by J.D. Salinger, the protagonist, Holden Caulfield, fears becoming an adult who exhibits the characteristics that he holds complaints against. Throughout this Bildungsroman narrative, Holden searches for his identity. He tries to figure out his place either in the adult or child realm. Holden possesses a combination of fear and hatred for phonies. Holden uses this term to describe a wide range of people including

Emirates Airlines free essay sample

Emirates earned profit on March 31,2010 is more than $3,538 since last 17 years and it’s growth ration more than 20% a year. (BBC News) External Environment Airline Industry Analysis Airline industry Profile Presently airline industry growing very well and world top level profitability industry where from we can earn profit . On the other hand political and some other economic factors are affected on this industry, after 11th September there was a great change in the trend of abroad journey for visit, studying and business purposes etc. Another big factor is rapidly rising in oil prices over the world specially in middle east as well, due to this cost increased of airline industry and in this way profit has been decreased and these losses has been reached round $ 6 billion in 2009 (IATA) 6 billion in 2009 (IATA) Eventually, the airline industry has been restored number of passengers. We are watching again the trend of tourism, international trade and development of globalization and in this way numbers of passengers has been increased and exceed 2. 3 billion by the end of 2009. (IATA). Thus, for winning and strong image in aviation market its compulsory for airlines that cut of their prices and improve their services. Life Cycle of Airline Industry. The Product Life Cycle refers to the sequence of stages a product goes through. Any new product in market go through a sequences of stages from introduction to maturity ,growth to decline and this sequence of all stages is called product life cycle. We can also say the stages through which individual products build up over time is called The Product Life Cycle. (Saaksvuore. A and Immune. A, 2008) The classic product life cycle has four stages are: Introduction Stage or Development stage Growth stage Maturity stage Decline stage Airline Industry Life cycle: According to product life cycle at the movement airline industry on its maturity stage due to big and perfect competition in the market. In this Maturity stage competition is more hostile in order to increasing advertisement and promotion activities. Further more many competitors increased their budgets on Research and development (Ramp;D) Through increasing customers’ brand loyalty many companies want to differentiate them from their competitors in their services and products. In this stage companies starts cutting their operating cost mean profit margin decreases result least efficient companies are not more in market. Accordingly, many companies’ use offensive strategies instead of defensive strategies by using methods of changing their market strategy ,product development and marketing mix for stay alive and compete during this aggressive stage. â€Å"(Development of new product)† Porter’s 5 Forces Threats of New Entrants The new entrants in any industry face some threats from existing companies because new company offer more attractive product with low cost etc. In airline industry threats are low as comparatively barriers are high. Some challenges under below due to new entrants.. Capital Requirements. We need huge capital for this industry for purchasing new crafts and also for starting new projects and also need for attractive to customers. Brand name amp; Customer loyalty: Airlines companies with excellent goodwill and strong image in market will easily compete with new threats at the time of entry. # Bargaining Power of Supplier’s Suppliers can easily change market trend through their high demand and control on prices and quality of their products amp; services. Boeing and Airbus are globally suppliers of the airline industry. Bargaining Power of Buyers Buyers are also can change the industry trend due to their demands for high quality ,demand for low prices and also have skill I reduction of the cost. Buyers are more powerful due to huge amount of passengers in market and approximately 1. 8 billion yearly. (ITAT) Threat of a Substitute Products or Services Another big threat of substitute product due to availability of substitute in the market for any product. For example people use theirs cars and use trains and buses within the same area or country. Rivalry amongst existing firms He trend of rivalry in airline industry is very famous and high due to availability of large numbers of airlines in the market which also offering best services, best cost etc. For example a lot companies want to increase their share price and want to increase their image want to gain best goodwill among the customers only due to offer best services, cost and also others lot of promotions to attract and attain the customers. (Thompson amp; Strickland, 1995) Key Competitors (Strategic Group analysis) 1st British Airways is one of the biggest in the world. nd Qatar Airways getting success from its aggressive growth plan. Singapore Airlines have very good repute in market as most respectful travel brands in the market and was established in 1947. American Airlines established in 1930 and largest airlines over the world due to yearly passengers of this airline more than 80 million. Strategy Strategy is the  long term planning to achieve business objective s through arrangement of resources  of organization within a difficult environment, to fulfill the market needs and also satisfaction of stakeholder’s expectations. (Dibb. S, Simkin. L, 2008)   Emirates Airlines Strategies: Emirates Airlines has a good and effective business model which is very helpful to gain company objectives and help to company become leader in the airline Industry . following are strategies of the emirates airlines strategies. Quality Control strategy: This is the basic and fundamental strategy to achieve goals of any organization so in this way airlines have very attractive and best strategy to control its quality and standard of the brand. Extensive Aviation Training strategy. This is another fundamental and key strategy of the Emirates for Aviation training . In this way company get maximum benefit through extensive training of its employees . In this way not only keep their employees with it but also open new opportunities for outsiders as well. International Airline Information Technology Development Strategy. This is another fundamental and very important strategy of the company for development of its e-business system, self check services system and also maximize the profit through its advancement in Information technology system in this way it make a lot of contracts with very big companies of the world. Resort, Hotel and Tourism Strategy. This is also another fundamental strategy of the company for increased the numbers of tourist in this way it assist to local bodies and advice for development of new Hotels, Restaurants, new buildings etc. Growth strategy New Bases. Expansion of existing bases. More opportunities available as airlines close/ consol. Cost, cost, cost (long term minimization). Efficient facilities. Demographics. Geographic. Strategic. Auctioned winter capacity. Increasing communication of benefits. Strategic Capabilities of Emirate’s Strategic capabilities means the skills are abilities to accomplish the stage for the surveillance in the market. It may be in two forms; (1). Resources and (2). Competences Emirate has its threshold resources which include its flights, office equipment, head quarter, finance resources and employees. Emirate also has core resources in the form of management team, Ahmed Bin Saeed Makhtoum (CEO/Chairman). Same as resources Emirate has threshold competences which includes online booking, operations of on time delivery and point to point routing. While in its core competences includes IT development, no frill strategy and route policy strategy. Key Success Factors Differentiation Airline companies can be differentiated by offering latest and modern services like big comfortable seats, advance aircrafts and new e-ticketing system. These all thing not only distinguish the companies also helpful to attractive new customers for the company. (e. g. British Airways). Strong brand name Strong brand name with loyal customers is very important for career of any company. It’s proved with strong brand name companies are most untactful for customers. Alliances In Airline industry establishing the alliances between different companies is very important trend in this way different companies will share their resources through strong network and will gain benefit of wide range customers network and will develop many others routes. In this way operations cost also will be decreased. Relations with supplier Strong relations with suppliers are compulsory for Airline companies through long term agreements companies remain safe in order to any future change in pricing strategy. PESTEL Analysis. Political factors The Airline industry is very sensitive industry and immediate affected by and changing in political conditions including wars and instability in economic situation in different countries. The recently political and economic instability in pacific Asia region disturbed the business Middle East and rest of world due to this Airline companies unable to join any International Alliances with top Airlines companies like American Airlines. (Growth phenomena, Nora amp; Byman) Economical factors Modern airports along with latest technology are important factor for success of airlines business. UAE have been planed to big investment on development of Dubai and Abu Dhabi airports. This investment on airport development will exceed up to Dh 71 billion over coming 20 years. Developed airports can give us following benefits: enhancing economy, increasing tourists overcome the dependency on oil revenues by alternatives business strategies. Social factors There is rapidly increasing world population and in this way increasing in number of tourist and educated people. For example, globally growing population especially in UAE according to The National Human Resources Development and Employment Authority Tanmia, UAE population in 2010 has been reached up to 7. 557million from 5. 63million, increased by 1. 9million people as per the official population statistical report issued 2006. A number of emigrants are increasing in UAE, airlines firms’ profits will increase due to travelling of those emigrants to their home countries. Furthermore, diseases also disturb the population of different countries, big example of this Bird Flue which is a killer unprocurable disease. Economic Development) Technological factors The latest technology also affected in both ways positively and negatively. Negative impact is that teleconferencing decreased the need of physical and face to face business meetings which directly affects on the sale of the company and decreased the passengers. On the other hand positive impacts of e-booking system make reservation sys tem very easy and accessible to any one and it has very good impact on the sale of the company. (Current State) Competitive advantage of Emirate’s Emirates Airlines implement differentiation generic strategy by offering high quality services in order to gaining benefit among its competitors and getting palce in market as Leader Company. For this purpose the emirates airlines was the 1st Airline in the world who offered TV screen in its all airline and 1st time introduce e-ticketing system in UAE. Thorough segmentation of market it also gained another competitive advantage. It was only company in UAE which providing training by using latest technology called plane simulator. The purpose of all changes only become the leader company in over the world in this order enhanced brand name awareness by locally, regionally and also world level and in this way it will increase profit and goodwill as well. Internal Environment SWOT analysis Strengths Membership of the Arab Alliance, which is known as â€Å"Arab Air Carriers Organization† First Airline company in the Arab world who introduce e-booking system Self check-in system at airport offered by Emirates Emirates Airlines world biggest purchaser Airline company by order of new 45 Super jumbo Air Buses. Providing qualitative training, benefits and rewords’ and very impressive salary packages and benefits to his employees and also cutting labour cost increasing employees loyalty (People). Latest March, 2010 held Festival of Literature and in 2006 sponsored Fifa World Cup in both way he gained its brand awareness and also makes its goodwill in market. Balance sheet looking sound and showing Profits for 2009-2010 grew four-fold to $964m inspite high oil prices and tough trading environment. Latest progress of Emirates Airlines rolls out flights to San Francisco. It is ready to rule the roost to take world leader in Airline business with the latest technology in hand. Weaknesses High operation cost due to big investment on purchasing aircrafts and application of latest technology. High Prices as comparatively other airlines companies. Non membership of any International Alliances. Non availability of hub in Abu Dhabi. As establishment not much old just in 1985 ,so it’s young airline. Opportunities Good growth in Per capita income in UAE. Huge investment plan by Government on the development of its airports in UAE. Growth in population of the world and in also in UAE . Forecasting of World Travel amp; Tourism Council that tourists will be increased in UAE due its best locality, huge beautiful buildings, safe and secure environment luxury hotels and restaurant and good economic condition after 2010. Rapidly enhancement in internet users over the world and in also in UAE. A different Aviation event like Air Show of Dubai good promotes Middle East airlines in the whole world. A lot of international companies want to shift their headquarters in Dubai due to safety and sound political situation so in this way bright chances for increasing in number of passengers. Threats Emirates airlines located in the region where politically instability going very high due to terrorism activities has been increased. Rapidly increasing in the operations cost due aviation security. Recently increase in fuel prices which is also cause of high operations cost. Due to non controlling of oil prices in this way might be Airline industry suffered loss by $ 3 billion (IATA) New arrival of airlines companies with low cost.. Modern online ticketing system can be hack by hackers and can be crashed by virus so in this way database of the company will destroy and eventually company will suffer huge amount of losses. The natural crises and deserters in the region like earthquake, flooding and hurricane. Latest worst flooding situation in Pakistan as before he faced crises by earthquake as well which was worst impact on the sale of airlines companies. The quickly increase of fresh sensitive unprocurable diseases like as SARS and Bird Flue that have very bad impact on airline industry sale. Summary of Internal Environment With the help of external environments, organizations or companies able to recognize their internal factors. Recognizing of that factors and make companies in this position that companies utilize their strength’s, overcome their weaknesses, get advantages from opportunities of the companies and can easily avoid from threats of the companies. Current situation of Emirates Airline: Any new arrival or entry in any industry is considered unattractive due to very low demand, high prices and strong competition. But attractive for Emirates Airlines due to its good strategy and strong market position. Also, it has many opportunities to handle any uncertain situation because it is member of very strong Emirates Group which share its resources and reduce the company expenses. Overall, Emirates enjoying with great market position along with high profitability rate which is considered as competitive advantage of the company and high profit rate of the company of its best competing strategy and other expansion strategy. Conclusion and Recommendation At the time of strong competition which refers to maturity stage of Airline Industry so each company should approach offensive and use the offensive strategy after in detail review its internal and external environment and all related factors which directly effect the company position. The following recommendations are for Emirates airlines. Operational cost of Emirates is very high only due to huge investments on technologies, aircrafts and best quality services. Emirates should control its cost and should decrease its cost through improvement and development of operations activities . Emirates should improve maintenance process, effective and efficient flight schedule of the company and better utilization of the company resources like aircrafts etc. Another way for reduction of cost is advancement in its technologies by investment in technologies and in this way cut of labour cost. For example it is strongly recommended to new installation of self check service system on all airports. In reply to the threat of low cost airlines in UAE market. Emirates should offer advance level services and control cost and this way no need to reduce the prices and in this order it should introduce its new brand as subsidiary which should be base on low cost. a subsidiary Extension in routes strongly recommended and should be special growth in tourism UAE. In this order to it should extend its route worldwide most attractive areas and Canada one of them. Joining with global alliance will help to increase its worldwide destinations in this way should offer more impressive and effective strategy for competing low cost airlines. Advancement in Information Technology is most important for progress of emirates airlines and in this order it should make contracts with E-Business Company for improving its services and increase the customer’s satisfactions. E-CRM is the latest technology and dopted by Emirates this strategy since increasing in numbers of the internet users and this way out for keep long term relation with customers. (Jiang, 2003). Eventually, Emirate’s Airlines make comprehensive analysis and review of company internal and external factors and its competitors and should develop new strategies for staying and keep good position in airline industry at this maturity time.

Shape and Tessellation free essay sample

Tessellation Tessellation is the process of repeating geometric shapes to form a pattern. We will write a custom essay sample on Shape and Tessellation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These patterns do not contain any gaps, or overlaps of the geometric shape. Tessellation in everyday life can be seen in mosaics, tiling, art, and even in nature. A bee hive or honeycomb is a great example of the natural tessellation. When I first saw the assignment for this week, I assumed it would be easy to do. However, the actual process of making the pattern was harder than expected.The concept seems easy enough; the application is where I struggled. I also found using the paint application harder because the image is not easily formatted to fit on a piece of paper. I had to adjust and readjust the image multiple times in order for it to be seen properly. The type of transformation used in this tessellation is the flip transformation. I used one image and reverse it back and forth to form a pattern. I chose the figure because it was an easy shape to draw and manipulate. I found as I tried to create a pattern the more intricate the figure, the harder it is to form a coherent pattern. By using a simple pattern I was able to manipulate it with flipping to form an interesting and intricate pattern. In all, this is a great activity for students, but I think I would help simplify the method for younger children by having cutouts of different shapes for them to use. This would enable my students to use uniform shapes to form their tessellation, rather than rely on multiple tools to draw it precisely.I can understand where the younger students would have a harder time understanding and applying the concept of tessellation. As an adult, I found the task difficult to apply on paper. The image and what I wanted to do with that image was clear in my mind, but I needed to form a way to translate that onto the screen. As younger children the use of paint programs and other technologies may not be readily available and to form a tessellation purely by hand is a more difficult task than it seems.

Differences Between an Initialism and an Acronym

Differences Between an Initialism and an Acronym An initialism is an  abbreviation that consists of the first letter or letters of words in a phrase, such as EU (for European Union) and NFL (for National Football League).  Also called an alphabetism.   Initialisms are  usually shown in  capital letters, without spaces or periods between them.  Unlike acronyms, initialisms are not spoken as words; they are spoken letter by letter.   Examples and Observations ABC (American Broadcasting Company, Australian Broadcasting Corporation), ATM (Automatic Teller Machine), BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation), CBC (Canadian Broadcasting Corporation), CNN (Cable News Network), DVD (Digital Versatile Disc), HTML  (HyperText Markup Language),  IBM (International Business Machines Corporation), NBC (National Broadcasting Company)Some names that began as initialisms have evolved into brands independent of their original meanings. For example, CBS, the American radio and television network, was created in 1928 as the Columbia Broadcasting System. In 1974, the name of the company was legally changed to CBS, Inc., and in the late 1990s, it became CBS Corporation.Similarly, the letters in the names SAT and ACT no longer represent anything. Originally known as the Scholastic Achievement Test, the SAT became an Aptitude Test in 1941 and an Assessment Test in 1990. Finally, in 1994, the name was officially changed to SAT (or, in full, SAT Reasoning Test) , with the letters signifying nothing. Two years later, American College Testing followed suit and changed the name of its test to ACT. Initialisms and Acronyms   My favorite current acronym is the DUMP, a term universally used in Durham, New Hampshire to refer to a local supermarket with the unwittingly unfortunate name the Durham Market Place. Initialisms are  similar to acronyms in that they are composed of the first letters of a phrase, but unlike acronyms, they are pronounced as a series of letters. So most people in the US refer to the Federal Bureau of Investigation as the FBI...Other initialisms are PTA for Parent Teacher Association, PR for either public relations or personal record, and NCAA for National College Athletic Association.(Rochelle Lieber, Introducing Morphology. Cambridge University Press, 2010) [S]ometimes a letter in an initialism is formed not, as the term might imply, from an initial letter but rather from an initial sound (as the X in XML, for extensible markup language), or from the application of a number (W3C, for World Wide Web Consortium). Furthermore, an acronym and an initialism are occasionally combined (JPEG), and the line between initialism and acronym is not always clear (FAQ, which can be pronounced either as a word or as a series of letters).(The Chicago Manual of Style, 16th ed. The University of Chicago Press, 2010) CD-ROM CD-ROM is an interesting mix because it brings together an initialism (CD) and an acronym (ROM). The first part is sounded letter by letter, the second part is a whole word.(David Crystal, The Story of English in 100 Words. St. Martins Press, 2012) Usage The first time an acronym or initialism appears in a written work, write the complete term, followed by an abbreviated form in parentheses. Thereafter, you may use the acronym or initialism alone.(G. J. Alred, C. T. Brusaw, and W. E. Oliu, Handbook of Technical Writing, 6th ed. Bedford/St. Martins, 2000 AWOL In AWOLAll Wrong Old Laddiebuck, an animated film by Charles Bowers, a woman presents her calling card to a soldier and it reads Miss Awol. She then lures him away from camp without permission. The film is silent, of course, given the 1919 date, but the calling card indicates that AWOL is pronounced as a word, making it a true acronym and not just an initialism.(David Wilton and Ivan Brunetti, Word Myths. Oxford University Press, 2004) Pronunciation: i-NISH-i-liz-em EtymologyFrom the Latin, beginning

Business intelligence Technologies Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business intelligence Technologies - Assignment Example In addition to that, the patterns are viewed as summaries of the input data, hence used in further analysis or in predictive analytics and machine learning. For instance, it may identify manifold groups in the data, which are then used to acquire more truthful prediction results by decision support systems. Knowledge discovery in databases (KDD) process is generally defined using the following stages: selection, preprocessing, transformation, data mining, and interpretation. However, it exists in many variations of this theme such as the Cross Industry Standard Process for Data Mining (CRISP-DM). This theme defines knowledge discovery in six phases; understanding of business, understanding of data, preparation of data, modeling, evaluation, and deployment of the results (Ling Liu & Tamer 2009). Another example of theme follows a simplified process such as pre-processing of data, mining of data and validating the results obtained. Pre processing involves assembling a target data- since data mining only covers the patterns that are essentially present in the data, the dataset targeted should be e big enough to hold these patterns while at the same time remaining brief enough to be extracted within an acceptable timeframe. Common data sources are data warehouses and data marts. Pre-processing of data is indispensable in the analysis multivariate datasets before the mining of data. Therefore, the target set is cleaned. The data cleaning involves the removal of all observations containing the missing data as well as noise. Data mining engage six general groups of tasks. The first task is anomaly detection- this refers to the identification of extraordinary but interesting data records or erroneous data that needs further investigation. Secondly, an association search is the next task. This task involves the relationship existing between variables (Ling Liu & Tamer 2009). The third task is known as classification; it involves all the undertakings

The history of Arab-Israeli conflict Was the Oslo peace agreement Essay

The history of Arab-Israeli conflict Was the Oslo peace agreement failure Why - Essay Example The 26 years of Israeli occupation were the period, preceding the signed Oslo agreement (usually called Oslo Accord). These 26 years are divided into the two different periods: the first period is called 'easy conquest'1. It was the period, during which Israel kept around 15,000 of military occupiers at the Palestinian territory. This number was drastically increased during the period of Intifada, and according to various estimates, the number of Israeli troops at that time was more than 180,000; but in the period of 1981-83, the new rules of governing Palestinian people were implemented, and the indirect ruling was replaced by the Israeli manpower, which had to govern Palestinians at each level. This was the beginning of perception, that Palestinians didn't feel free and safe on their territory anymore, and thus the need of peaceful resolution was becoming more and more evident. What we see at present - are the consequences of the flawed process of Oslo agreement, which has been bui lt in the wrong direction from the very beginning. We have here to understand, what were the backgrounds of such agreement, and why Palestinians have not accepted it as the means of finding a common solution to their problem, as through the literary sources reviewed, Palestinians are depicted as the victims of the unfair attitudes, stated in Oslo Accord. The consequ The flaws of Oslo Accord and its failure as a means of finding peaceful agreement The consequences - violent confrontation, disproportionally massive Israeli repression and widespread Palestinian rebellion followed by the great loss of life, the majority of which is also Palestinian,2 are the examples of the situations witnessing the final stage of Oslo process failure. This process is stated to be flawed from the very beginning. 'Oslo was designed to segregate the Palestinians in non-contiguous enclaves, surrounded by Israeli-controlled borders, with settlements and settlement roads punctuating and essentially violating the territories' integrity, expropriations and house demolitions proceeding inexorably through the Rabin, Peres, Netanyahu and Barak administrations along with the expansion and multiplication of settlements (200,000 Israeli Jews added to Jerusalem, 200,000 more in Gaza and the West Bank), military occupation continuing, and every tiny step taken toward Palestinian sovereignty -- including agreements to withdraw in minuscule, agreed-upon phases - - stymied, delayed, cancelled at Israel's will'.3 I suppose that Oslo process has displayed a number of serious flaws, each of which has contributed into its failure, and thus is to be considered separately. The first flaw of the Oslo Accord and the peace process in general was in the fact that this very process has presupposed long period of 'mini-withdrawals' of the Israeli military occupiers, but only in exchange of Palestinian 'silence'.4 The core of this flaw is in the suggestion and unreal idea that Palestine would easily give up its attempts to win its territory and thus Israeli would have free opportunity to continue its occupation; but this belief was absolutely unreal. The second flaw was in the fact, that Oslo agreement implied Palestinians had to prove to the Israeli state, that they could be trusted, in exchange for certain small rewards. 5 This idea was stated by Aruri (2000)6 as

Role of Unions Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Role of Unions - Research Paper Example ition, the unions’ role in shielding workers from increased inflation, growing unemployment and in influencing government policies in issues as health and other social factors is necessary (Serrano, 2011). Every organization has a HRM department that is mandated with the duty of hiring and looking at the welfare of the policies. In executing this role, the department influences the relationship between the employees and the organization. The department therefore has a role of achieving a cordial relationship between the organization and the employees by designing fair compensation, ensuring better working conditions, having better bargain, adhering to the labor laws and involving the employees’ emissaries in the formulation and implementation of organizations polices (Serrano, 2011). Through these, the employees’ relationship will be enhanced and their loyalty to the origination will be improved. Besides, the government also plays a significant role in ensuring workers plight are upheld. The government has a role of setting fair wage rates by altering minimum wage and in promulgating laws that protect the rights of the workers. The role will include that of penalizing organizations that breach the set regulations (Serrano, 2011). Simultaneously, the government should take interventionary measures between organizations and their workers in resolving labor disputes. In conclusion, the HRM department, government and the workers representatives must all play their roles in ensuring smooth relationship in the work force. Failure by any party to perform their tasks may result into labor disputes that will impair the functioning of the general

Hydrolysis of Oxoanions :: essays research papers

Hydrolysis of Oxoanions Nonmetals in positive oxidation states do not exist in aqueous solution as cations but rather as hydroxides or oxides. These species often act as oxo acids which ionize to form oxoanions in solution. The general form of an oxoanion is MOxy-. Since these oxoanions are quite different in their properties, Z2/r ratios for nonmetal cations do not give accurate predictions of their chemical behavior. A different approach is needed to determine what these elements will do when they are dissolved in water. Oxo Anion Hydrolysis Like cations, oxoanions are hydrated in aqueous solution. In this case the electrostatic attraction is between the electron pairs on the oxoanion oxygen atoms and the partially positive hydrogen atoms of the water molecule. The hydration of oxoanions is an exothermic process. The hydration energy is dependent on the charge and size of the oxoanion. Hydration energies increase with increasing charge and decreasing anion size. As with cations, if the interaction between the anion and the hydrogen of the water is sufficiently strong, the hydrogen can be removed from the water generating a hydroxide ion resulting in a basic solution. MOxy- + H2O [MO(x-1)OH](y-1)- + OH- The equilibrium constant for this reaction is the base ionization constant, Kb. Base ionization constants are tabulated as pKbs. Successive ionizations are listed as pKb1, pKb2, etc. The larger the pKb value the lesser the degree of ionization and the weaker base the oxoanion is. When determining the acidities of metal cations, three variable are important -- charge, size and electronegativity of the cation. When determining the basicity of an oxo anion, the size of the nonmetal atom (or high oxidation state metal atom) is not relevant. This central metal atom is significantly smaller than the multiple oxygen atoms in the anion. Therefore, different central atoms bearing the same number of oxygens will be very close in size. Effect of Charge on Basicity Increasing charge on an anion increases its tendency to hydrolyze and form basic solutions. pKb Values For Some Oxoanions Anion pKb1 pKb2 pKb3 H3AsO4 10.5 6.8 1.5 H3PO4 11.88 6.8 2 H2SeO3 11.43 7.4 H4GeO4 5.41 1 The table above shows that the pKb values of an oxoanion decrease by 4-5 units for each additional negative charge on the anion. Thus, increasing the negative charge substantially increases the anion's basicity. Effect of Number of Oxygen Groups Since most nonmetals exhibit more than one oxidation state, they can form oxoanions that differ in the number of oxygens bonded to the metal.

Persuasive Speech Outline Essay

Topic: To Inform People on what they need to do to help this situation. Introduction †¢ What is one of the world’s largest animals that is going endangered at a fast pace? †¢One of the world’s largest breeds of Elephants, which are the African Elephants are going Extinct. †¢There are several animal rescue organizations, such as Green Peace, The WCS, State Zoos just to name a few. Along with scientist that explain what this means for the world as we have grown up to know it. As a Huge volunteer at shelters and the zoo this topic is near and close to me. If you look at the reproduction time of an elephant and the amount of times the elephant will mate in its life. I.The African Elephant is quickly becoming extinct due to several main reasons. A. If You look at how many times an African Female Elephants mates in its entire life time and add that to how long it takes her to half the baby that will show you why we as the human race must do everything in our power to help animals survive along with us. 1. The African Elephant lives up to eighty years and will have 1-3 partners during their life span. 2. African Elephants are known to have 4-12 baby elephants throughout its life time depending on how old the elephant is when it first mates. B. When an Elephant mates it will depend on her age that determines how many babies she will have. 1. It takes nearly two years for an Elephant to have one baby that is called a calf. And although it is rare sometimes the Mother Elephant will have the baby calf under the 24 mo. period. 2. Another rare, but not impossible in Elephants is having Twin Calf’s. It is extremely rare in African Elephants but a little more common  in Asian Elephants since there are a smaller breed. . Elephants have a hard enough time producing so when we talk about survival it makes it impossible when they are being illegally captured and killed for their beautiful tusk. . II.Beautiful Creatures that are descendants of the extinct Woolly mammoth are finding themselves becoming extinct. A. Reproduction is not the only challenge the African elephant is facing. 1. Elephants numbers declining because of illegal poaching of their beautiful white teeth known as Ivory. 2. The Elephants are not sedated for the tusk to be cut off, but they are killed. Which is declining their numbers quickly. B. It may surprise you but the demand for Ivory Tusk is not just overseas. 1. China along with other Asian countries are big traffickers of Ivory. But what will surprise you is that there are not the only countries. 2. The United States last year alone traded with countries such as Africa for Ivory worth 60 million dollars on the black Market. . With the Trade of Ivory being a hot commodity for the wealthy Countries are killing Elephants up to 60 a day out of a population of an estimated 500,000 African Elephants. With this number and the length in which it takes a mature Female and male to reproduce African Elephants are being placed on the endangered list. III.Elephants will continue to become extinct and one day will be all gone for the future generation of our children and descendants if we don’t take a stand and take measures to make sure that law makers in our country as well as others put a stop to illegal poaching. 1.Zimbabwe is one of the fastest growing places for illegal poaching of tusk from the Elephant in Africa. 2.This year on February 11th President Obama designed to create â€Å"a near  complete ban† on the commercial sale of African elephant ivory in the U.S. 3. The United States destroyed over 6 tons of illegal Ivory in November. 1. This was the start of a global message to other countries to stop the illegal killing, sale, and trade of ivory. a. With our country being at the top of this demand it was only fitting that we were the first to place a global stop to this senseless killing of these animals. b. Asia and Tanzania are just a few counties that have there name of the poaching of shame list. The Philippine government destroyed 5 tons of confiscated ivory just last month. c. Countries that have corrupt law enforcements are not helping the situation of illegal poaching it allows the people that are getting caught to go free and continue there actions with out punishment for their crime. 2. With several countries still practicing this illegal and brutal method of making money. I am afraid that Elephants will remain on the endangered list unless change takes place. As I have shown you the length and time that it takes this huge, but beautiful animal to reproduce and the fast and cruel way that the Biggest Animal in Africa is surely and quickly going extinct. We have to be aware and caring about the things that go on in our country, and help educate the other countries that don’t realize this long term effect that there actions will have on the rest of the world. Bibliography Delegation, P., & Michael, A. (2009, July 30). Dicovery of Elephant’s oldest known relative. Science Daily, p. 3. Dell’Amore, C. (2012). Elephant, Ranger Protections Endorsed—But Do They Have Teeth? National Geographic News. Douglas-Hamiltion, O. (1980). Africa’s Elephants: Can they survive? National Geographic Magazine. Douglas-Hamilton, I. (2011). African Elephant Data. Africa: National Geographics. Trinidad, E. (2012). Baby Elephants. 1. http://news.yahoo.com/apnewsbreak-elephants-endangered-land-grabs-120512322.h

King Louis Ix And Richard Lionheart - 1329 Words

The Medieval period was perhaps one of the most interesting and unique time periods in history. This time is usually viewed as a lull in progress or lacking productivity, when in reality this was one of the most pivotal points in history. Two people who played outstanding roles in this time period were those of King Saint Louis IX of France and Richard Lionheart I of England. Both King Louis IX and Richard Lionheart made significant social, political, and cultural advancements to society by contributing leadership techniques and government systems that were pivotal in the Medieval times, yet very contrasting of each other in their execution. King Louis IX of France was born April 25, 1214 in Poissy, France to the parents of Louis VIII of France and Blanche of Castille. King Louis, commonly known as Saint Louis, ruled from the age of twelve after his father’s death in 1226 until his death in 1270. He was the fourth born child, but the three before him died at young ages, and seven were born after him. As a child, Louis had temper fits which lead to questioning of his decision making as king of France. He married Margaret of Provence at age twenty in 1234. Margaret was the sister-in-law to King Henry III of England, sisters with Eleanor of Provence. Richard â€Å"The Lionheart† I of England was born September 8, 1157 in Beaumont Palace, Oxford, England to the parents of Henry II, and Eleanor of Aquitaine. He was given the nickname â€Å"Lionheart† because of his immense strength andShow MoreRelatedCrusades Facebook Postings On The World1283 Words   |  6 PagesBaldwin left Edessa and became the first king of the Christian Kingdom of Jerusalem 4. From 1147 to 1149 European lords worked to secure their rule over the Crusader States. When Muslim forces regrouped and attacked Edessa, the Teutonic Knights, the Knights Hospitaller, and the Knights Templar rode forth under the banner of the Second Crusade. They did not go alone. This time, the fervor of the Crusades reached to the highest levels of Europe. Two monarchs, King Louis VII of France and Emperor Conrad IIIRead More Eleanor of Aquitaine Essay2813 Words   |  12 Pageswill. Like many other women of her time Eleanor came from a long line of noble and royal blood. Her lineage can be traced back to the earliest kings of both England and France.(follow link to take a look at Eleanor’s very long family tree http://www.my-ged.com/db/page/scokin/12251) Her father William X was the son of France’s first troubadour, William IX and Eleanor’s early life was saturated with culture and learning. The court of her father and grandfather was thought to be the main culture centerRead MoreLeonardo Bonacci : An Italian Mathematician1388 Words   |  6 Pagesthat occurred in history. To begin with, in 1143 count Alfonso becomes the king of Portugal after making a bid for independence from Spain. Several years later in 1156, civil wars ravage in Japan and continue until 1185. In 1169, The Almohad Dynasty falls from power in Morocco and Saladin becomes vizier of Egypt. A year before Fibonacci’s birth, Saladin becomes supreme sultan over Muslim fo rces. Furthermore, Richard Lionheart, the eldest son of Henry 2, becomes the new ruler of England. When Liber