Business intelligence Technologies Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business intelligence Technologies - Assignment Example In addition to that, the patterns are viewed as summaries of the input data, hence used in further analysis or in predictive analytics and machine learning. For instance, it may identify manifold groups in the data, which are then used to acquire more truthful prediction results by decision support systems. Knowledge discovery in databases (KDD) process is generally defined using the following stages: selection, preprocessing, transformation, data mining, and interpretation. However, it exists in many variations of this theme such as the Cross Industry Standard Process for Data Mining (CRISP-DM). This theme defines knowledge discovery in six phases; understanding of business, understanding of data, preparation of data, modeling, evaluation, and deployment of the results (Ling Liu & Tamer 2009). Another example of theme follows a simplified process such as pre-processing of data, mining of data and validating the results obtained. Pre processing involves assembling a target data- since data mining only covers the patterns that are essentially present in the data, the dataset targeted should be e big enough to hold these patterns while at the same time remaining brief enough to be extracted within an acceptable timeframe. Common data sources are data warehouses and data marts. Pre-processing of data is indispensable in the analysis multivariate datasets before the mining of data. Therefore, the target set is cleaned. The data cleaning involves the removal of all observations containing the missing data as well as noise. Data mining engage six general groups of tasks. The first task is anomaly detection- this refers to the identification of extraordinary but interesting data records or erroneous data that needs further investigation. Secondly, an association search is the next task. This task involves the relationship existing between variables (Ling Liu & Tamer 2009). The third task is known as classification; it involves all the undertakings

The history of Arab-Israeli conflict Was the Oslo peace agreement Essay

The history of Arab-Israeli conflict Was the Oslo peace agreement failure Why - Essay Example The 26 years of Israeli occupation were the period, preceding the signed Oslo agreement (usually called Oslo Accord). These 26 years are divided into the two different periods: the first period is called 'easy conquest'1. It was the period, during which Israel kept around 15,000 of military occupiers at the Palestinian territory. This number was drastically increased during the period of Intifada, and according to various estimates, the number of Israeli troops at that time was more than 180,000; but in the period of 1981-83, the new rules of governing Palestinian people were implemented, and the indirect ruling was replaced by the Israeli manpower, which had to govern Palestinians at each level. This was the beginning of perception, that Palestinians didn't feel free and safe on their territory anymore, and thus the need of peaceful resolution was becoming more and more evident. What we see at present - are the consequences of the flawed process of Oslo agreement, which has been bui lt in the wrong direction from the very beginning. We have here to understand, what were the backgrounds of such agreement, and why Palestinians have not accepted it as the means of finding a common solution to their problem, as through the literary sources reviewed, Palestinians are depicted as the victims of the unfair attitudes, stated in Oslo Accord. The consequ The flaws of Oslo Accord and its failure as a means of finding peaceful agreement The consequences - violent confrontation, disproportionally massive Israeli repression and widespread Palestinian rebellion followed by the great loss of life, the majority of which is also Palestinian,2 are the examples of the situations witnessing the final stage of Oslo process failure. This process is stated to be flawed from the very beginning. 'Oslo was designed to segregate the Palestinians in non-contiguous enclaves, surrounded by Israeli-controlled borders, with settlements and settlement roads punctuating and essentially violating the territories' integrity, expropriations and house demolitions proceeding inexorably through the Rabin, Peres, Netanyahu and Barak administrations along with the expansion and multiplication of settlements (200,000 Israeli Jews added to Jerusalem, 200,000 more in Gaza and the West Bank), military occupation continuing, and every tiny step taken toward Palestinian sovereignty -- including agreements to withdraw in minuscule, agreed-upon phases - - stymied, delayed, cancelled at Israel's will'.3 I suppose that Oslo process has displayed a number of serious flaws, each of which has contributed into its failure, and thus is to be considered separately. The first flaw of the Oslo Accord and the peace process in general was in the fact that this very process has presupposed long period of 'mini-withdrawals' of the Israeli military occupiers, but only in exchange of Palestinian 'silence'.4 The core of this flaw is in the suggestion and unreal idea that Palestine would easily give up its attempts to win its territory and thus Israeli would have free opportunity to continue its occupation; but this belief was absolutely unreal. The second flaw was in the fact, that Oslo agreement implied Palestinians had to prove to the Israeli state, that they could be trusted, in exchange for certain small rewards. 5 This idea was stated by Aruri (2000)6 as