Self-Service Technologies Essay Online For Free - Free Essay Example

Introduction In the modern world, self-service technologies (SST) have been implemented in the service industry. There are various types of SST services such as telephone-based technologies, online banking, internet-based interfaces etc. (Yen, 2005). Despite this huge rise in SST, it cannot be simply assumed that SSTs are always better than traditional services. As any other service, SST comes with its failures and disappointments (Shamdasani et al, 2008, Dimitriadis Kyrezis, 2011, Dabholkar Spaid, 2012). Service failures may occur in all services, as well as SST. It is known that service failure recoveries (SFR) are extremely important for organisations in order to retain existing customers and to keep up good image of the business. SFR systems are also a vital part of SSTs (Buell et al, 2010; Oghazi et al, 2012; Beatson et al, 2006; Yen, 2005; Beatson et al, 2007). This paper examines SFR within SST context and how it related to overall customers satisfaction in any business. It is important to understand the issues that are raised about SST and get managers of organisations who provide SST to help customers by providing various failure recoveries. The Role of Customer Complaints in SST One of the topics that have been focused on by multiple researchers is the role of customer complaints in SFR while using SST. Meuter et al (2000), Girman et al (2009), Robertson et al (2011), and Roberson Shaw (2009) explore the relationship between customer complaints in SFR while using SST. The four studies examine the relationships that influence customers likelihood of voice in SST context. The authors look at the following issue within different industries who use SST. Meuter et al (2000), Robertson et al (2011), and Roberson Shaw (2009) do empirical studies in order to obtain their data and analysis while Girman et al (2009) only rely on other researchers data to obtain their conclusion. All of the researchers hypothesise that there is a positive relationship between having customer complaints while undergoing service failures in SST and customers perceptions of SST. The findings of Meuter et al (2000), Girman et al (2009), Robertson et al (2011), and Roberson Shaw (2009) show that there is a significant relationship between customer complaints while experiencing a service failure in using STT and customers satisfaction with the following SST. Robertson Shaw (2009) and Meuter at al (2000) also found that ease of voice mediates the relationship between customers perceptions of likelihood of voice success and their likelihood of voice behaviour. Meuter et al (2000), Girman et al (2009), Robertson et al (2011), and Roberson Shaw (2009) found that having customers complain during a service failure while using SST can contribute to better SFR and therefore increase customers satisfaction with SST and organisation as a whole. The Role of Customers Emotions in SST A second issue that was found in the articles studied is the role of customers emotions in experiencing service failures while using SST. Gelbrich (2009), Dabholkar Bagozzi (2002), Yen (2005), and Johnson et al (2008) examine the relationship between customers emotions in service failures while using SST and customers overall satisfaction with SST. Their research aims to distinguish the importance of customers behaviours and their emotions while experiencing service failures in STT. While Johnson et al (2008) and Yen (2005) hypothesise that there is a general relationship between the customers emotions in SF while using STT, Gelbrich (2009) hypothesises that anger and helplessness are negatively related to overall customer satisfaction. Furthermore, Dabholkar Bagozzi (2002) hypothesise that its the anxiety and stress in using SST that are negatively related to overall customer satisfaction. All four academic articles are empirical studies that look at the following issue withi n SST in general, not focusing on specific industries or specific types of SST. Gelbrich (2009), Dabholkar Bagozzi (2002), Yen (2005), and Johnsons et al (2008) findings reveal that there is a significant relationship between customers emotions in service failures while using SST and overall customer satisfaction. It was found that emotions impact on customer reactions occurred directly and indirectly through overall customer satisfaction. The conceptual frameworks used in all four studies can be applied to future research on any service experience. Analysis of The Role of Customer Complaints in SST An issue that may be raised is the role of customer complaints in SST. Meuter et al (2000), Girman et al (2009), Robertson et al (2011), and Roberson Shaw (2009) explore the relationship between customer complaints in SFR while using STT and satisfaction with using SST. The findings of all four studies reveal that there is a significant relationship between customer complaints while experiencing a service failure in using STT and customers satisfaction with the following SST. It is argued that the role of customer complaints plays a vital role in SFR in SST, and therefore contributes to the overall customers satisfaction. Authors argue that if customers do not make a complaint or if a timely response to these complaints are impossible the certain faults do not get fixed and therefore may lead to further failures. However, it also needs to be understood that SST providers should not count on failure reports by users and be proactive because it is better to correct faults before they lead to failure (Girman et al, 2009, p. 47). It is also suggested by various researchers (e.g., Girman et al, 2009; Robertson et al, 2011; Roberson Shaw, 2009) minor failures can end up discouraging first time users that look for perfect performance and are not familiar with SST and as for returning users, if these minor failures are repeated for some time it may demolish their trust in SST or even in the organisation who provides the following services. On the down side, there are certain limitations to the following studies. The focus solely on customer complaints within this field can be argued to be the main one. Even though it is important to look at this issue, other researchers argue that there are far more important attributes that should be concentrated on. For example, Elliot et al (2013) argue that readiness for use of technology is a very important factor that should be looked at. They focus on customers technology readiness and argue that it also has a direct a nd positive influence on customers overall satisfaction and is an important factor that should be examined while looking at SFR in SST. It can be implied that role of customer complaints in SST is an important factor, however other issues should also be examined, but not necessary taken in count for. All four studies draw a relationship and show the importance of customer complaints in SST when undergoing a service failure and Meuter et al (2000), Robertson et al (2011), and Roberson Shaw (2009) studies have sufficient amount of empirical evidence to prove the following issue. Therefore, it can be argued that it is an important issue and it should be looked upon when constructing a research within the field of service failures in SST. It is also an issue that should be addressed by managers of organisations who provide SST in order to make sure their customers are satisfied and prevent them from stopping to use SST and leaving to their competitors. Analysis of The Role of Customers Emotions in SST Gelbrich (2009), Dabholkar Bagozzi (2002), Yen (2005), and Johnson et al (2008) examine the relationship between customers emotions in service failures while using SST and customers overall satisfaction with SST. They found that there is significant positive relationship between customers emotions in service failures while using SST and overall customer satisfaction. Gelbrich (2009), Yen (2005), and Johnson et al (2008) argue that customers emotions have a very strong link with SFR in SST and also with their overall perceived satisfaction. Gelbrich (2009) focuses on customers emotions such as anger and helplessness and suggests that they are negatively related to overall customer satisfaction, while Dabholkar Bagozzi (2002) concentrated on emotions such as anxiety and stress in using SST and argues that they are negatively related to overall customer satisfaction as well. Yen (2005) and Johnson et al (2008) however, do not focus on any emotions in specific, on the other hand, they focus on situational factors and suggest that they affect customers emotions and emotions in turn effect their overall satisfaction with SFR and SST. The main limitation of these studies is that those results only account for behavioural instincts and patterns that customers have, yet they do not account for emotions of the employees who might deal with SST recoveries and therefore it does not take in count how that may affect the overall customer satisfaction. Another limitation is the focus on the certain issue. As mentioned above, other researchers argue that its the other issues that should be looked upon, such as complaints, perceived control and fun (eg. Oghazi et al, 2012 ; Dimitriadis Kyrezis, 2011; Zhu et al, 2007; Robertson et al, 2011; Elliot et al, 2013). Also, Anitsal Paige (2006) argue that customers in general are happy to use SST, and prefer to encounter service failures in SST than normal services with employees because they feel more in control and the y think they are less likely to cause mistakes than employees. Therefore, they argue that customers emotions as well as the other two issues are irrelevant in this filed. Overall, in the light of these limitations it can be understood that the role of customers emotions is very important factor and should be examined by researchers and managers of organisations that provide SST services, however, it is not the only issue that should be addressed. This issue may be addressed by identifying the various emotions customers have and combining them with various situational factors to examine more in depth what actually needs to be changed and used as a guide to how managers precede with recoveries in different situations according to how customers react. Conclusion Service recovery is an important factor when it comes to SST, in order to keep customers satisfied and prevent them from leaving to competitors or stopping them from using SST in general. This paper suggests that there are two critical factors that play a vital role and have a great impact on SFR in SST and customers perceived satisfaction: the role of customer complaints in SST and the role of customers emotion in SST. SFR in SST is vital and the mentioned above two key components should be looked upon and examined by managers of organisations that provide SST as well as organisations that are planning to introduce SST. This paper suggests that those key issues should be examined in order to keep customers satisfied and loyal to organisations, making SST act as a proper asset to the organisations and trying to gain as much advantage from it as possible. Although, it is argued that there are more factors that should be examined that may also influence SFR in SST and customers overall perceived satisfaction. Many of those factors are not discussed and investigated in this paper. However, ideally those factors should also be addressed and looked upon when contrasting a further research within this context. Furthermore, this paper has a number of limitations. There was a word restriction set and due to the voluminous research made on this topic unfortunately only a few issues could be drawn from all the literature. Furthermore, the literature that has been examined and compared had their research carried out in different fields of SST and in different countries. Therefore, it can be concluded that it is hard to generalise the findings for all industries and also for a specific industry. This is because not every single one was examined. This leaves the comparison of the key issues and applicability of findings open for discussion. Due to the following limitations mentioned, it needs to be understood that the conclusions drawn from studied papers shou ld be interpreted in the light of these limitations. It can be identified as a guideline or as issues that should be examined by managers of businesses that provide SST services and organisations that are planning on introducing SSTs. In conclusion, looking at the research with the limitations that have been drawn, it can be said that SFR plays a vital role in SST and it is important to have in order to keep customers satisfied. References Core Papers Anitsal, I. and Paige, R. C. 2006. An exploratory study on consumer perceptions of service quality in technology-based self-service. Services Marketing Quarterly, 27 (3), pp. 5367. Beatson, A., Coote, L. V. and Rudd, J. M. 2006. Determining consumer satisfaction and commitment through self-service technology and personal service usage. Journal of Marketing Management, 22 (7-8), pp. 853882. Beatson, A., Lee, N. and Coote, L. V. 2007. Self-service technology and the service encounter. The Service Industries Journal, 27 (1), pp. 7589. Buell, R. W., Campbell, D. and Frei, F. X. 2010. Are Self-Service Customers Satisfied or Stuck?. Production and Operations Management, 19 (6), pp. 679697. Dabholkar, P. A. and Bagozzi, R. P. 2002. An attitudinal model of technology-based self-service: moderating effects of consumer traits and situational factors. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 30 (3), pp. 184201. Dabholkar, P. A. and Spaid, B. I. 2012. Service failure and rec overy in using technology-based self-service: effects on user attributions and satisfaction. The Service Industries Journal, 32 (9), pp. 14151432. Dimitriadis, S. and Kyrezis, N. 2011. The effect of trust, channel technology, and transaction type on the adoption of self-service bank channels. The Service Industries Journal, 31 (8), pp. 12931310. Elliott, K. M., Hall, M. C. and Meng, J. G. 2013. Consumers intention to use self-scanning technology: the role of technology readiness and perceptions toward self-service technology. Academy of Marketing Studies Journal, 17 (1). Gelbrich, K. 2009. Beyond just being dissatisfied: how angry and helpless customers react to failures when using self-service technologies. Schmalenbach Business Review (SBR), 61 (1). Girman, M., Keusch, P., Kmec, P. 2009. Faults, failures and availability in self-service technology. Management Services, 53(4), pp.44-47. Johnson, D. S., Bardhi, F. and Dunn, D. T. 2008. Understanding how technology pa radoxes affect customer satisfaction with self-service technology: The role of performance ambiguity and trust in technology. Psychology Marketing, 25 (5), pp. 416443. Meuter, M. L., Ostrom, A. L., Roundtree, R. I. and Bitner, M. J. 2000. Self-service technologies: understanding customer satisfaction with technology-based service encounters. Journal of marketing, 64 (3), pp. 5064. Oghazi, P., Mostaghel, R., Hultman, M. and Parida, V. 2012. Antecedents of technology-based self-service acceptance: a proposed model. Services Marketing Quarterly, 33 (3), pp. 195210. Robertson, N. and Shaw, R. N. 2009. Predicting the likelihood of voiced complaints in the self-service technology context. Journal of Service Research, 12 (1), pp. 100116. Robertson, N., Mcquilken, L., K and Ampully, J. 2012. Consumer complaints and recovery through guaranteeing self-service technology. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 11 (1), pp. 2130. Shamdasani, P., Mukherjee, A. and Malhotra, N. 2008. Antec edents and consequences of service quality in consumer evaluation of self-service internet technologies. The Service Industries Journal, 28 (1), pp. 117138. Yen, H. R. 2005. An attribute-based model of quality satisfaction for internet self-service technology. The Service Industries Journal, 25 (5), pp. 641659. Zhu, Z., Nakata, C., Sivakumar, K. and Grewal, D. 2007. Self-service technology effectiveness: the role of design features and individual traits. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 35 (4), pp. 492506. Additional Sources Anselmsson, J. 2001. Customer-perceived service quality and technology-based self service (Doctoral dissertation). Lund University, Lund, Sweden. Bateson, J. E. G. 1985. Self-service consumer: An exploratory study. Journal of Retailing, 61(3), pp.49-76. Dabholkar, P. A. 1996. Consumer evaluations of new technology-based self-service options: An investigation of alternative models of service quality. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 13(1), pp. 29-51. Davis, F. D., Bagozzi, R. P., Warshaw, P. R. (1989). User acceptance of computer technology: A comparison of two theoretical models. Management Science, 35, pp.982-1002.

Analysis of Robert Frost On A Tree Fallen Across the Road...

On a Tree Fallen across the Road In Robert Frost’s English sonnet, â€Å"On a Tree Fallen across the Road†, Frost uses imagery, alliteration, metaphors, personification, and symbols to portray his theme. Frost uses all of these literate devices to bring out his point in the poem; overcoming obstacles. He believes that we will always face struggles in life and come across unexpected surprises that may or may not be good. This does not mean that this will stop us in our tracks, but will help shape us into better human beings by giving us choices. He also believes that as humans we have hidden in us the motivation to strive to get what we want in life and where we want to be by making these difficult decisions. The way Frost portrays this main†¦show more content†¦Frosts uses the metaphor of Mother Nature, ‘she’, trying to halt our driving by putting a tree in the road, but in deeper meaning Frost is saying that there are many challenges out there tha t just show up in front of us and the only thing we can do is survive it. He also uses personification with that same line by introducing ‘she’, Mother Nature, will make things happen, but Mother Nature is not a real person and cannot do something like that. This adds to the sonnet by helping people connect and imagine a big snow storm that can temporarily stop someone in their tracks before it melts or someone clears the snow. Frost then goes back to the image of the tree â€Å"Debating what to do without an ax.†; the ax symbolizes a device that is not readily at your service. Whenever you come across a fallen tree there is no guarantee that you will have an ax with you, so you must improvise and decide how you will move past this tree. This is parallel to the idea of not having the best option presented in front of you when you are forced to make a choice, but if you dig deeper then you may find the best option that will work for you, just like finding a new pa th around the tree. During the last stanza Frost goes back to ‘she’, Mother Nature, â€Å"knowing obstruction† that the attempt is fruitless to stop the will of the people’s journey. This is where he backs up his whole idea of notShow MoreRelatedThe Poetry Of Robert Frost3137 Words   |  13 Pagesexamine the poetry of Robert Frost for references to themes of nature, religion, and humanity and how they relate to each other. This exercise will be prefaced with a brief introduction to the man and his life as a segue to better understanding Frost’s verse. 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Catcher in the Rye - Phony Essay - 945 Words

Catcher in the Rye Ââ€" Essay The theme of phoniness, illustrated by J.D. Salinger is the key of a better understanding the story line as a whole. Phony or fake more often than not means not real and is mostly referred to some religions by non believers or sometimes even to people. J.D. Salinger has used the term phony in a very common manor. By the interpretation of common manor, many of the people at that time period suited to the style of Holden Caulfields dialogues through J.D. Salinger. Salingers view of phoniness may or may not even share a bond with most of the readers experiences, because this theme is confronted in at least some kind of form or action in the life of all people on a daily bases. The way Salinger has set†¦show more content†¦So these memories have clustered in his mind. Now, Holden wants to even try and erase his mind of the thoughts of the people he cannot trust. To Holden, especially, to trust someone means to understand someone. The only people Holden can, or used to tr ust are Allie, Phoebe and his brother D.B. So the way J.D. Salinger has illustrated his book of how Holden thinks is that Holden rejects everyone who is phony or fake. So the definition of phony, to Holden is some one that he distrusts. Holden thinks Mr. Antolini is a phony because he just cannot seem to understand him. Also he thinks that the Show-off piano player was phony because he cant understand what exactly he was playing so Holden cannot trust him, therefore the piano player is a phony. The memories that have clustered in his mind were all of the sins such as, sex, money and violence. All that Holden can understand of the, World thus far are only these three things. He even says towards the end of the novel You cant ever find a place thats nice and peaceful, because there isnt any. You may think there is, but once you get there, when youre not looking, somebodyll sneak up and write F**k you right under your nose (204). The reason why he thinks in such a way is because he doesnt want Phoebe or even anyone who is innocent to be exposed to this type of crudeness. Salinger is actually very brilliant enough to stay away from the people he cannot trust and understand. This is very safe toShow MoreRelatedExamples Of Phony In Catcher In The Rye1281 Words   |  6 Pagesas society wants to deny it, Holden was right; everyone is a phony in one way or another. Throughout The Catcher in the Rye Holden uses the word phony to describe the society around him and as a mechanism for his own isolation, but he fails to realize that he is the biggest phony of them all. Holden clearly perceives the insincerity of everyone around him and is nauseated by it; but despite his revulsion he still ends up being a phony himself. He reveals to the reader that even if someone does notRead MoreThe Catcher In the Rye: Genuine or Phony? Essay871 Words   |  4 Pages J.D. Salinger published Catcher in The Rye in 1951. 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Holden has recently been expelled from Pency Prep for failing four out of his five classes. He decides to startRead MoreThe Catcher in the Rye: Holden Caulfields Phony Phobia Essay1825 Words   |  8 Pagestheir extraordinary sense of plays. Postmodern literature comments upon itself and uses images from the past fearlessly. Fiction writers of this period allow for multiple meanings and multiple worlds in their works. This can be seen in The Catcher in the Rye, by J.D. Salinger. Jerome David Salinger was the son of a Jewish father, Sol Salinger, and a Christian mother, Miriam Jillich Salinger. He was born on January 1, 1919 in New York City, and died on January 27, 2010 in Cornish, New HampshireRead MoreTheme Of The Catcher In The Rye976 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout the novel The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger there are several different themes portrayed that widely relate to current issues of teenagers and adults alike. While reading the novel several different themes were revealed creating a deep and meaningful story line. Three themes viewed within the novel are; the phoniness of the adult world, alienation as a form of self-protection, and the painfulness of growing up. Each of these themes have large significance in character and plot developmentRead More salinger Essay843 Words   |  4 Pagescontroversial in the Catcher in the Rye. Salinger is also known for many of his writings such as Franney and Zooey, Nine Stories, and Raise High the R oof Beam, Carpenters. The summer of 1930 he was voted â€Å"The Most Popular Writer†. â€Å"Salinger is a beautifully deft, professional who gives us a chance to catch quick, half-amused, half-frightened glimpses of ourselves and our contemporaries, as he confronts us with his brilliant mirror images† (Lomazoff 1). In the novel, Catcher in the Rye, there is a relationshipRead MoreAlienation and Isolation in The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger700 Words   |  3 PagesTouch with Society In The Catcher in the Rye, J.D. Salinger discusses the ideas of alienation and isolation. He notes that if one is unable to keep up with society they lose touch. Salinger portrays alienation and isolation through literary devices such as symbolism. Some of the symbolic features use in the novel is Holden’s red hunting hat which shows Holden’s uncommon desire compared to society’s desires. Another significant symbolic feature is the catcher in the rye; this represents Holden’s ideaRead More 1950s Culture Exposed in The Catcher in the Rye Essay1361 Words   |  6 Pages1950s Culture Exposed in The Catcher in the Rye    J.D. Salingers The Catcher in the Rye is a remarkable book that gives readers a unique and perhaps gloomy perspective of the 1950s through Holden Caulfield, a cynical and peculiar teenager. Through The Catcher in the Rye Salinger describes important aspects of the 1950s. Salinger emphasizes several key characteristics of the 50s and criticizes them through Holden. In addition, Holden Caulfield is a very interesting character withRead MoreAnalysis Of Characters And Themes Of The Catcher Rye 1537 Words   |  7 Pages Analysis of Characters and Themes in The Catcher in the Rye J.D. Salinger was born in 1919 to a wealthy Manhattan family. He grew up in the same social conditions as Holden Caulfield does in The Catcher in the Rye. The last thing Salinger cared about was being a successful student because he was very lazy, without care for his responsibilities and tasks. Salinger flunked out of many prep schools, and his parents sent him to a military academy named Valley Forge in Pennsylvania, where he graduatedRead MoreEssay on The Death of Innocence in The Catcher in the Rye1156 Words   |  5 Pagesdespises traits of the adult and child realms. In the novel The Catcher in the Rye, by J.D. Salinger, the protagonist, Holden Caulfield, fears becoming an adult who exhibits the characteristics that he holds complaints against. Throughout this Bildungsroman narrative, Holden searches for his identity. He tries to figure out his place either in the adult or child realm. Holden possesses a combination of fear and hatred for phonies. Holden uses this term to describe a wide range of people including

Emirates Airlines free essay sample

Emirates earned profit on March 31,2010 is more than $3,538 since last 17 years and it’s growth ration more than 20% a year. (BBC News) External Environment Airline Industry Analysis Airline industry Profile Presently airline industry growing very well and world top level profitability industry where from we can earn profit . On the other hand political and some other economic factors are affected on this industry, after 11th September there was a great change in the trend of abroad journey for visit, studying and business purposes etc. Another big factor is rapidly rising in oil prices over the world specially in middle east as well, due to this cost increased of airline industry and in this way profit has been decreased and these losses has been reached round $ 6 billion in 2009 (IATA) 6 billion in 2009 (IATA) Eventually, the airline industry has been restored number of passengers. We are watching again the trend of tourism, international trade and development of globalization and in this way numbers of passengers has been increased and exceed 2. 3 billion by the end of 2009. (IATA). Thus, for winning and strong image in aviation market its compulsory for airlines that cut of their prices and improve their services. Life Cycle of Airline Industry. The Product Life Cycle refers to the sequence of stages a product goes through. Any new product in market go through a sequences of stages from introduction to maturity ,growth to decline and this sequence of all stages is called product life cycle. We can also say the stages through which individual products build up over time is called The Product Life Cycle. (Saaksvuore. A and Immune. A, 2008) The classic product life cycle has four stages are: Introduction Stage or Development stage Growth stage Maturity stage Decline stage Airline Industry Life cycle: According to product life cycle at the movement airline industry on its maturity stage due to big and perfect competition in the market. In this Maturity stage competition is more hostile in order to increasing advertisement and promotion activities. Further more many competitors increased their budgets on Research and development (Ramp;D) Through increasing customers’ brand loyalty many companies want to differentiate them from their competitors in their services and products. In this stage companies starts cutting their operating cost mean profit margin decreases result least efficient companies are not more in market. Accordingly, many companies’ use offensive strategies instead of defensive strategies by using methods of changing their market strategy ,product development and marketing mix for stay alive and compete during this aggressive stage. â€Å"(Development of new product)† Porter’s 5 Forces Threats of New Entrants The new entrants in any industry face some threats from existing companies because new company offer more attractive product with low cost etc. In airline industry threats are low as comparatively barriers are high. Some challenges under below due to new entrants.. Capital Requirements. We need huge capital for this industry for purchasing new crafts and also for starting new projects and also need for attractive to customers. Brand name amp; Customer loyalty: Airlines companies with excellent goodwill and strong image in market will easily compete with new threats at the time of entry. # Bargaining Power of Supplier’s Suppliers can easily change market trend through their high demand and control on prices and quality of their products amp; services. Boeing and Airbus are globally suppliers of the airline industry. Bargaining Power of Buyers Buyers are also can change the industry trend due to their demands for high quality ,demand for low prices and also have skill I reduction of the cost. Buyers are more powerful due to huge amount of passengers in market and approximately 1. 8 billion yearly. (ITAT) Threat of a Substitute Products or Services Another big threat of substitute product due to availability of substitute in the market for any product. For example people use theirs cars and use trains and buses within the same area or country. Rivalry amongst existing firms He trend of rivalry in airline industry is very famous and high due to availability of large numbers of airlines in the market which also offering best services, best cost etc. For example a lot companies want to increase their share price and want to increase their image want to gain best goodwill among the customers only due to offer best services, cost and also others lot of promotions to attract and attain the customers. (Thompson amp; Strickland, 1995) Key Competitors (Strategic Group analysis) 1st British Airways is one of the biggest in the world. nd Qatar Airways getting success from its aggressive growth plan. Singapore Airlines have very good repute in market as most respectful travel brands in the market and was established in 1947. American Airlines established in 1930 and largest airlines over the world due to yearly passengers of this airline more than 80 million. Strategy Strategy is the  long term planning to achieve business objective s through arrangement of resources  of organization within a difficult environment, to fulfill the market needs and also satisfaction of stakeholder’s expectations. (Dibb. S, Simkin. L, 2008)   Emirates Airlines Strategies: Emirates Airlines has a good and effective business model which is very helpful to gain company objectives and help to company become leader in the airline Industry . following are strategies of the emirates airlines strategies. Quality Control strategy: This is the basic and fundamental strategy to achieve goals of any organization so in this way airlines have very attractive and best strategy to control its quality and standard of the brand. Extensive Aviation Training strategy. This is another fundamental and key strategy of the Emirates for Aviation training . In this way company get maximum benefit through extensive training of its employees . In this way not only keep their employees with it but also open new opportunities for outsiders as well. International Airline Information Technology Development Strategy. This is another fundamental and very important strategy of the company for development of its e-business system, self check services system and also maximize the profit through its advancement in Information technology system in this way it make a lot of contracts with very big companies of the world. Resort, Hotel and Tourism Strategy. This is also another fundamental strategy of the company for increased the numbers of tourist in this way it assist to local bodies and advice for development of new Hotels, Restaurants, new buildings etc. Growth strategy New Bases. Expansion of existing bases. More opportunities available as airlines close/ consol. Cost, cost, cost (long term minimization). Efficient facilities. Demographics. Geographic. Strategic. Auctioned winter capacity. Increasing communication of benefits. Strategic Capabilities of Emirate’s Strategic capabilities means the skills are abilities to accomplish the stage for the surveillance in the market. It may be in two forms; (1). Resources and (2). Competences Emirate has its threshold resources which include its flights, office equipment, head quarter, finance resources and employees. Emirate also has core resources in the form of management team, Ahmed Bin Saeed Makhtoum (CEO/Chairman). Same as resources Emirate has threshold competences which includes online booking, operations of on time delivery and point to point routing. While in its core competences includes IT development, no frill strategy and route policy strategy. Key Success Factors Differentiation Airline companies can be differentiated by offering latest and modern services like big comfortable seats, advance aircrafts and new e-ticketing system. These all thing not only distinguish the companies also helpful to attractive new customers for the company. (e. g. British Airways). Strong brand name Strong brand name with loyal customers is very important for career of any company. It’s proved with strong brand name companies are most untactful for customers. Alliances In Airline industry establishing the alliances between different companies is very important trend in this way different companies will share their resources through strong network and will gain benefit of wide range customers network and will develop many others routes. In this way operations cost also will be decreased. Relations with supplier Strong relations with suppliers are compulsory for Airline companies through long term agreements companies remain safe in order to any future change in pricing strategy. PESTEL Analysis. Political factors The Airline industry is very sensitive industry and immediate affected by and changing in political conditions including wars and instability in economic situation in different countries. The recently political and economic instability in pacific Asia region disturbed the business Middle East and rest of world due to this Airline companies unable to join any International Alliances with top Airlines companies like American Airlines. (Growth phenomena, Nora amp; Byman) Economical factors Modern airports along with latest technology are important factor for success of airlines business. UAE have been planed to big investment on development of Dubai and Abu Dhabi airports. This investment on airport development will exceed up to Dh 71 billion over coming 20 years. Developed airports can give us following benefits: enhancing economy, increasing tourists overcome the dependency on oil revenues by alternatives business strategies. Social factors There is rapidly increasing world population and in this way increasing in number of tourist and educated people. For example, globally growing population especially in UAE according to The National Human Resources Development and Employment Authority Tanmia, UAE population in 2010 has been reached up to 7. 557million from 5. 63million, increased by 1. 9million people as per the official population statistical report issued 2006. A number of emigrants are increasing in UAE, airlines firms’ profits will increase due to travelling of those emigrants to their home countries. Furthermore, diseases also disturb the population of different countries, big example of this Bird Flue which is a killer unprocurable disease. Economic Development) Technological factors The latest technology also affected in both ways positively and negatively. Negative impact is that teleconferencing decreased the need of physical and face to face business meetings which directly affects on the sale of the company and decreased the passengers. On the other hand positive impacts of e-booking system make reservation sys tem very easy and accessible to any one and it has very good impact on the sale of the company. (Current State) Competitive advantage of Emirate’s Emirates Airlines implement differentiation generic strategy by offering high quality services in order to gaining benefit among its competitors and getting palce in market as Leader Company. For this purpose the emirates airlines was the 1st Airline in the world who offered TV screen in its all airline and 1st time introduce e-ticketing system in UAE. Thorough segmentation of market it also gained another competitive advantage. It was only company in UAE which providing training by using latest technology called plane simulator. The purpose of all changes only become the leader company in over the world in this order enhanced brand name awareness by locally, regionally and also world level and in this way it will increase profit and goodwill as well. Internal Environment SWOT analysis Strengths Membership of the Arab Alliance, which is known as â€Å"Arab Air Carriers Organization† First Airline company in the Arab world who introduce e-booking system Self check-in system at airport offered by Emirates Emirates Airlines world biggest purchaser Airline company by order of new 45 Super jumbo Air Buses. Providing qualitative training, benefits and rewords’ and very impressive salary packages and benefits to his employees and also cutting labour cost increasing employees loyalty (People). Latest March, 2010 held Festival of Literature and in 2006 sponsored Fifa World Cup in both way he gained its brand awareness and also makes its goodwill in market. Balance sheet looking sound and showing Profits for 2009-2010 grew four-fold to $964m inspite high oil prices and tough trading environment. Latest progress of Emirates Airlines rolls out flights to San Francisco. It is ready to rule the roost to take world leader in Airline business with the latest technology in hand. Weaknesses High operation cost due to big investment on purchasing aircrafts and application of latest technology. High Prices as comparatively other airlines companies. Non membership of any International Alliances. Non availability of hub in Abu Dhabi. As establishment not much old just in 1985 ,so it’s young airline. Opportunities Good growth in Per capita income in UAE. Huge investment plan by Government on the development of its airports in UAE. Growth in population of the world and in also in UAE . Forecasting of World Travel amp; Tourism Council that tourists will be increased in UAE due its best locality, huge beautiful buildings, safe and secure environment luxury hotels and restaurant and good economic condition after 2010. Rapidly enhancement in internet users over the world and in also in UAE. A different Aviation event like Air Show of Dubai good promotes Middle East airlines in the whole world. A lot of international companies want to shift their headquarters in Dubai due to safety and sound political situation so in this way bright chances for increasing in number of passengers. Threats Emirates airlines located in the region where politically instability going very high due to terrorism activities has been increased. Rapidly increasing in the operations cost due aviation security. Recently increase in fuel prices which is also cause of high operations cost. Due to non controlling of oil prices in this way might be Airline industry suffered loss by $ 3 billion (IATA) New arrival of airlines companies with low cost.. Modern online ticketing system can be hack by hackers and can be crashed by virus so in this way database of the company will destroy and eventually company will suffer huge amount of losses. The natural crises and deserters in the region like earthquake, flooding and hurricane. Latest worst flooding situation in Pakistan as before he faced crises by earthquake as well which was worst impact on the sale of airlines companies. The quickly increase of fresh sensitive unprocurable diseases like as SARS and Bird Flue that have very bad impact on airline industry sale. Summary of Internal Environment With the help of external environments, organizations or companies able to recognize their internal factors. Recognizing of that factors and make companies in this position that companies utilize their strength’s, overcome their weaknesses, get advantages from opportunities of the companies and can easily avoid from threats of the companies. Current situation of Emirates Airline: Any new arrival or entry in any industry is considered unattractive due to very low demand, high prices and strong competition. But attractive for Emirates Airlines due to its good strategy and strong market position. Also, it has many opportunities to handle any uncertain situation because it is member of very strong Emirates Group which share its resources and reduce the company expenses. Overall, Emirates enjoying with great market position along with high profitability rate which is considered as competitive advantage of the company and high profit rate of the company of its best competing strategy and other expansion strategy. Conclusion and Recommendation At the time of strong competition which refers to maturity stage of Airline Industry so each company should approach offensive and use the offensive strategy after in detail review its internal and external environment and all related factors which directly effect the company position. The following recommendations are for Emirates airlines. Operational cost of Emirates is very high only due to huge investments on technologies, aircrafts and best quality services. Emirates should control its cost and should decrease its cost through improvement and development of operations activities . Emirates should improve maintenance process, effective and efficient flight schedule of the company and better utilization of the company resources like aircrafts etc. Another way for reduction of cost is advancement in its technologies by investment in technologies and in this way cut of labour cost. For example it is strongly recommended to new installation of self check service system on all airports. In reply to the threat of low cost airlines in UAE market. Emirates should offer advance level services and control cost and this way no need to reduce the prices and in this order it should introduce its new brand as subsidiary which should be base on low cost. a subsidiary Extension in routes strongly recommended and should be special growth in tourism UAE. In this order to it should extend its route worldwide most attractive areas and Canada one of them. Joining with global alliance will help to increase its worldwide destinations in this way should offer more impressive and effective strategy for competing low cost airlines. Advancement in Information Technology is most important for progress of emirates airlines and in this order it should make contracts with E-Business Company for improving its services and increase the customer’s satisfactions. E-CRM is the latest technology and dopted by Emirates this strategy since increasing in numbers of the internet users and this way out for keep long term relation with customers. (Jiang, 2003). Eventually, Emirate’s Airlines make comprehensive analysis and review of company internal and external factors and its competitors and should develop new strategies for staying and keep good position in airline industry at this maturity time.

Shape and Tessellation free essay sample

Tessellation Tessellation is the process of repeating geometric shapes to form a pattern. We will write a custom essay sample on Shape and Tessellation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These patterns do not contain any gaps, or overlaps of the geometric shape. Tessellation in everyday life can be seen in mosaics, tiling, art, and even in nature. A bee hive or honeycomb is a great example of the natural tessellation. When I first saw the assignment for this week, I assumed it would be easy to do. However, the actual process of making the pattern was harder than expected.The concept seems easy enough; the application is where I struggled. I also found using the paint application harder because the image is not easily formatted to fit on a piece of paper. I had to adjust and readjust the image multiple times in order for it to be seen properly. The type of transformation used in this tessellation is the flip transformation. I used one image and reverse it back and forth to form a pattern. I chose the figure because it was an easy shape to draw and manipulate. I found as I tried to create a pattern the more intricate the figure, the harder it is to form a coherent pattern. By using a simple pattern I was able to manipulate it with flipping to form an interesting and intricate pattern. In all, this is a great activity for students, but I think I would help simplify the method for younger children by having cutouts of different shapes for them to use. This would enable my students to use uniform shapes to form their tessellation, rather than rely on multiple tools to draw it precisely.I can understand where the younger students would have a harder time understanding and applying the concept of tessellation. As an adult, I found the task difficult to apply on paper. The image and what I wanted to do with that image was clear in my mind, but I needed to form a way to translate that onto the screen. As younger children the use of paint programs and other technologies may not be readily available and to form a tessellation purely by hand is a more difficult task than it seems.

Differences Between an Initialism and an Acronym

Differences Between an Initialism and an Acronym An initialism is an  abbreviation that consists of the first letter or letters of words in a phrase, such as EU (for European Union) and NFL (for National Football League).  Also called an alphabetism.   Initialisms are  usually shown in  capital letters, without spaces or periods between them.  Unlike acronyms, initialisms are not spoken as words; they are spoken letter by letter.   Examples and Observations ABC (American Broadcasting Company, Australian Broadcasting Corporation), ATM (Automatic Teller Machine), BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation), CBC (Canadian Broadcasting Corporation), CNN (Cable News Network), DVD (Digital Versatile Disc), HTML  (HyperText Markup Language),  IBM (International Business Machines Corporation), NBC (National Broadcasting Company)Some names that began as initialisms have evolved into brands independent of their original meanings. For example, CBS, the American radio and television network, was created in 1928 as the Columbia Broadcasting System. In 1974, the name of the company was legally changed to CBS, Inc., and in the late 1990s, it became CBS Corporation.Similarly, the letters in the names SAT and ACT no longer represent anything. Originally known as the Scholastic Achievement Test, the SAT became an Aptitude Test in 1941 and an Assessment Test in 1990. Finally, in 1994, the name was officially changed to SAT (or, in full, SAT Reasoning Test) , with the letters signifying nothing. Two years later, American College Testing followed suit and changed the name of its test to ACT. Initialisms and Acronyms   My favorite current acronym is the DUMP, a term universally used in Durham, New Hampshire to refer to a local supermarket with the unwittingly unfortunate name the Durham Market Place. Initialisms are  similar to acronyms in that they are composed of the first letters of a phrase, but unlike acronyms, they are pronounced as a series of letters. So most people in the US refer to the Federal Bureau of Investigation as the FBI...Other initialisms are PTA for Parent Teacher Association, PR for either public relations or personal record, and NCAA for National College Athletic Association.(Rochelle Lieber, Introducing Morphology. Cambridge University Press, 2010) [S]ometimes a letter in an initialism is formed not, as the term might imply, from an initial letter but rather from an initial sound (as the X in XML, for extensible markup language), or from the application of a number (W3C, for World Wide Web Consortium). Furthermore, an acronym and an initialism are occasionally combined (JPEG), and the line between initialism and acronym is not always clear (FAQ, which can be pronounced either as a word or as a series of letters).(The Chicago Manual of Style, 16th ed. The University of Chicago Press, 2010) CD-ROM CD-ROM is an interesting mix because it brings together an initialism (CD) and an acronym (ROM). The first part is sounded letter by letter, the second part is a whole word.(David Crystal, The Story of English in 100 Words. St. Martins Press, 2012) Usage The first time an acronym or initialism appears in a written work, write the complete term, followed by an abbreviated form in parentheses. Thereafter, you may use the acronym or initialism alone.(G. J. Alred, C. T. Brusaw, and W. E. Oliu, Handbook of Technical Writing, 6th ed. Bedford/St. Martins, 2000 AWOL In AWOLAll Wrong Old Laddiebuck, an animated film by Charles Bowers, a woman presents her calling card to a soldier and it reads Miss Awol. She then lures him away from camp without permission. The film is silent, of course, given the 1919 date, but the calling card indicates that AWOL is pronounced as a word, making it a true acronym and not just an initialism.(David Wilton and Ivan Brunetti, Word Myths. Oxford University Press, 2004) Pronunciation: i-NISH-i-liz-em EtymologyFrom the Latin, beginning

Business intelligence Technologies Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business intelligence Technologies - Assignment Example In addition to that, the patterns are viewed as summaries of the input data, hence used in further analysis or in predictive analytics and machine learning. For instance, it may identify manifold groups in the data, which are then used to acquire more truthful prediction results by decision support systems. Knowledge discovery in databases (KDD) process is generally defined using the following stages: selection, preprocessing, transformation, data mining, and interpretation. However, it exists in many variations of this theme such as the Cross Industry Standard Process for Data Mining (CRISP-DM). This theme defines knowledge discovery in six phases; understanding of business, understanding of data, preparation of data, modeling, evaluation, and deployment of the results (Ling Liu & Tamer 2009). Another example of theme follows a simplified process such as pre-processing of data, mining of data and validating the results obtained. Pre processing involves assembling a target data- since data mining only covers the patterns that are essentially present in the data, the dataset targeted should be e big enough to hold these patterns while at the same time remaining brief enough to be extracted within an acceptable timeframe. Common data sources are data warehouses and data marts. Pre-processing of data is indispensable in the analysis multivariate datasets before the mining of data. Therefore, the target set is cleaned. The data cleaning involves the removal of all observations containing the missing data as well as noise. Data mining engage six general groups of tasks. The first task is anomaly detection- this refers to the identification of extraordinary but interesting data records or erroneous data that needs further investigation. Secondly, an association search is the next task. This task involves the relationship existing between variables (Ling Liu & Tamer 2009). The third task is known as classification; it involves all the undertakings